diff --git a/ethereum/core/src/main/java/org/hyperledger/besu/ethereum/core/AccessWitness.java b/ethereum/core/src/main/java/org/hyperledger/besu/ethereum/core/AccessWitness.java
index ef223a317f..e0affe66e8 100644
--- a/ethereum/core/src/main/java/org/hyperledger/besu/ethereum/core/AccessWitness.java
+++ b/ethereum/core/src/main/java/org/hyperledger/besu/ethereum/core/AccessWitness.java
@@ -9,6 +9,7 @@ import static org.hyperledger.besu.ethereum.trie.verkle.util.Parameters.MAIN_STO
 import static org.hyperledger.besu.ethereum.trie.verkle.util.Parameters.NONCE_LEAF_KEY;
 import static org.hyperledger.besu.ethereum.trie.verkle.util.Parameters.VERKLE_NODE_WIDTH;
 import static org.hyperledger.besu.ethereum.trie.verkle.util.Parameters.VERSION_LEAF_KEY;
+import static org.hyperledger.besu.evm.internal.Words.clampedAdd;
 
 import org.hyperledger.besu.datatypes.Address;
 
@@ -114,7 +115,6 @@ public class AccessWitness implements org.hyperledger.besu.datatypes.AccessWitne
     if (createSendsValue) {
       gas += touchAddressOnWriteAndComputeGas(address, zeroTreeIndex, BALANCE_LEAF_KEY);
     }
-
     return gas;
   }
 
@@ -185,17 +185,24 @@ public class AccessWitness implements org.hyperledger.besu.datatypes.AccessWitne
 
   @Override
   public long touchCodeChunks(
-      final Address address, final long offset, final long readSize, final long codeLength) {
+      final Address address, final long startPc, final long readSize, final long codeLength) {
     long gas = 0;
-    if (readSize == 0 || codeLength == 0 || offset > codeLength) {
+    if ((readSize == 0 && codeLength == 0) || startPc > codeLength) {
       return 0;
     }
-    for (long i = offset / 31; i <= (Math.min(offset + readSize, codeLength) - 1) / 31; i++) {
-      gas +=
+    long endPc = startPc+readSize;
+    if(endPc>codeLength){
+      endPc = codeLength;
+    }
+    if(endPc>0){
+      endPc-=1;
+    }
+    for (long i = startPc / 31; i <= endPc/31; i++) {
+      gas = clampedAdd(gas,
           touchAddressOnReadAndComputeGas(
               address,
               CODE_OFFSET.add(i).divide(VERKLE_NODE_WIDTH),
-              CODE_OFFSET.add(i).mod(VERKLE_NODE_WIDTH));
+              CODE_OFFSET.add(i).mod(VERKLE_NODE_WIDTH)));
     }
     return gas;
   }
diff --git a/ethereum/core/src/main/java/org/hyperledger/besu/ethereum/mainnet/MainnetTransactionProcessor.java b/ethereum/core/src/main/java/org/hyperledger/besu/ethereum/mainnet/MainnetTransactionProcessor.java
index 8c503221e3..996c39982e 100644
--- a/ethereum/core/src/main/java/org/hyperledger/besu/ethereum/mainnet/MainnetTransactionProcessor.java
+++ b/ethereum/core/src/main/java/org/hyperledger/besu/ethereum/mainnet/MainnetTransactionProcessor.java
@@ -462,11 +462,11 @@ public class MainnetTransactionProcessor {
       final Wei balancePriorToRefund = sender.getBalance();
       sender.incrementBalance(refundedWei);
       LOG.atTrace()
-          .setMessage("refunded sender {}  {} wei ({} -> {})")
+          .setMessage("refunded sender {}  {} wei (balance before:{} -> after:{})")
           .addArgument(senderAddress)
-          .addArgument(refundedWei)
-          .addArgument(balancePriorToRefund)
-          .addArgument(sender.getBalance())
+          .addArgument(refundedWei.toShortHexString())
+          .addArgument(balancePriorToRefund.toShortHexString())
+          .addArgument(sender.getBalance().toShortHexString())
           .log();
       final long gasUsedByTransaction = transaction.getGasLimit() - initialFrame.getRemainingGas();
       LOG.info(
diff --git a/evm/src/main/java/org/hyperledger/besu/evm/EVM.java b/evm/src/main/java/org/hyperledger/besu/evm/EVM.java
index e440c6c9f9..1b061e89c8 100644
--- a/evm/src/main/java/org/hyperledger/besu/evm/EVM.java
+++ b/evm/src/main/java/org/hyperledger/besu/evm/EVM.java
@@ -183,11 +183,17 @@ public class EVM {
 
     var operationTracer = tracing == OperationTracer.NO_TRACING ? null : tracing;
     byte[] code = frame.getCode().getBytes().toArrayUnsafe();
+
+
     Operation[] operationArray = operations.getOperations();
     while (frame.getState() == MessageFrame.State.CODE_EXECUTING) {
       Operation currentOperation;
       int opcode;
       int pc = frame.getPC();
+
+      if (!frame.wasCreatedInTransaction(frame.getContractAddress())) {
+          frame.getAccessWitness().touchCodeChunks(frame.getContractAddress(), pc, 1, code.length);
+      }
       try {
         opcode = code[pc] & 0xff;
         currentOperation = operationArray[opcode];
@@ -278,7 +284,6 @@ public class EVM {
       } catch (final UnderflowException ue) {
         result = UNDERFLOW_RESPONSE;
       }
-        System.out.println("operation "+currentOperation.getName()+" "+result.getGasCost()+" "+frame.getRemainingGas());
       final ExceptionalHaltReason haltReason = result.getHaltReason();
       if (haltReason != null) {
         LOG.trace("MessageFrame evaluation halted because of {}", haltReason);
diff --git a/evm/src/main/java/org/hyperledger/besu/evm/gascalculator/PragueGasCalculator.java b/evm/src/main/java/org/hyperledger/besu/evm/gascalculator/PragueGasCalculator.java
index a48085f426..6f2839f265 100644
--- a/evm/src/main/java/org/hyperledger/besu/evm/gascalculator/PragueGasCalculator.java
+++ b/evm/src/main/java/org/hyperledger/besu/evm/gascalculator/PragueGasCalculator.java
@@ -26,7 +26,7 @@ import static org.hyperledger.besu.datatypes.Address.KZG_POINT_EVAL;
  *   <LI>TBD
  * </UL>
  */
-public class PragueGasCalculator extends CancunGasCalculator {
+public class PragueGasCalculator extends ShanghaiGasCalculator {
 
   /** Instantiates a new Prague Gas Calculator. */
   public PragueGasCalculator() {
diff --git a/evm/src/main/java/org/hyperledger/besu/evm/gascalculator/ShanghaiGasCalculator.java b/evm/src/main/java/org/hyperledger/besu/evm/gascalculator/ShanghaiGasCalculator.java
index cdaa29a33a..4eeb3fb8fb 100644
--- a/evm/src/main/java/org/hyperledger/besu/evm/gascalculator/ShanghaiGasCalculator.java
+++ b/evm/src/main/java/org/hyperledger/besu/evm/gascalculator/ShanghaiGasCalculator.java
@@ -295,32 +295,27 @@ public class ShanghaiGasCalculator extends LondonGasCalculator {
       final MessageFrame frame, final long codeOffset, final long readSize, final long codeSize) {
     long gasCost = super.pushOperationGasCost(frame, codeOffset, readSize, codeSize);
     if (!frame.wasCreatedInTransaction(frame.getContractAddress())) {
-      gasCost =
-          clampedAdd(
-              gasCost,
-              frame
-                  .getAccessWitness()
-                  .touchCodeChunks(frame.getContractAddress(), codeOffset, readSize, codeSize));
-      System.out.println("push "+isPrecompile(frame.getContractAddress())+" "+frame.getContractAddress()+" "+codeOffset+" "+readSize+" "+codeSize+" "+gasCost);
-    }
-    return gasCost;
-  }
+      if(readSize==1){
+        if( (codeOffset%31==0)){
+          gasCost =
+                  clampedAdd(
+                          gasCost,
+                          frame
+                                  .getAccessWitness()
+                                  .touchCodeChunks(frame.getContractAddress(), codeOffset+1, readSize, codeSize));
+
+        }
+      } else {
+        gasCost =
+                clampedAdd(
+                        gasCost,
+                        frame
+                                .getAccessWitness()
+                                .touchCodeChunks(frame.getContractAddress(), codeOffset, readSize, codeSize));
 
-  @Override
-  public long extCodeSizeOperationGasCost(final MessageFrame frame) {
-    if(!isPrecompile(frame.getContractAddress())) {
-      long gasCost =
-                      frame
-                              .getAccessWitness()
-                              .touchAddressOnReadAndComputeGas(frame.getContractAddress(), UInt256.ZERO, VERSION_LEAF_KEY);
-      return
-              clampedAdd(
-                      gasCost,
-                      frame
-                              .getAccessWitness()
-                              .touchAddressOnReadAndComputeGas(frame.getContractAddress(), UInt256.ZERO, CODE_SIZE_LEAF_KEY));
+      }
     }
-    return 0;
+    return gasCost;
   }
 
   @Override