diff --git a/ffi/java/Makefile b/ffi/java/Makefile
index f8172c3..bb581db 100644
--- a/ffi/java/Makefile
+++ b/ffi/java/Makefile
@@ -49,6 +49,7 @@ test_elgamal: ElgamalTest.class $(ELGAMAL_LIB)
 	$(JAVA_EXE) ElgamalTest
 	$(JAVA_EXE) ElgamalTest -e NIST_P192
 	$(JAVA_EXE) ElgamalTest -e NIST_P256 -h sha256
+	$(JAVA_EXE) ElgamalTest -e secp256k1 -h sha256
 	$(JAVA_EXE) ElgamalTest -e NIST_P384 -h sha384
 	$(JAVA_EXE) ElgamalTest -e NIST_P521 -h sha512
 
diff --git a/ffi/java/elgamal_impl.hpp b/ffi/java/elgamal_impl.hpp
index d7130c2..c54f58f 100644
--- a/ffi/java/elgamal_impl.hpp
+++ b/ffi/java/elgamal_impl.hpp
@@ -34,11 +34,11 @@ void SystemInit(const std::string& param) throw(std::exception)
 	if (iss >> ecParamStr >> hashNameStr) {
 		Param& p = Param::getParam();
 		p.ecParam = mcl::getEcParam(ecParamStr);
-		Zn::init(p.ecParam->n);
-		Fp::init(p.ecParam->p);
-		Ec::init(p.ecParam->a, p.ecParam->b);
-		p.hashName = cybozu::crypto::Hash::getName(hashNameStr);
-		return;
+		if (p.ecParam) {
+			mcl::initCurve<Ec, Zn>(p.ecParam->curveType);
+			p.hashName = cybozu::crypto::Hash::getName(hashNameStr);
+			return;
+		}
 	}
 	throw cybozu::Exception("SystemInit:bad param") << param;
 }
diff --git a/include/mcl/curve_type.h b/include/mcl/curve_type.h
index 9e4a941..42ba6a6 100644
--- a/include/mcl/curve_type.h
+++ b/include/mcl/curve_type.h
@@ -18,7 +18,7 @@ enum {
 
 	/*
 		for only G1
-		the size of curve must be less or equal to MCLBN_FP_UNIT_SIZE
+		the size of curve must be <= MCLBN_FP_UNIT_SIZE
 	*/
 	MCL_EC_BEGIN = 100,
 	MCL_SECP192K1 = MCL_EC_BEGIN,
@@ -29,7 +29,9 @@ enum {
 	MCL_NIST_P192 = 105,
 	MCL_NIST_P224 = 106,
 	MCL_NIST_P256 = 107,
-	MCL_EC_END = MCL_NIST_P256 + 1,
+	MCL_SECP160K1 = 108,
+	MCL_P160_1 = 109,
+	MCL_EC_END = MCL_P160_1 + 1,
 	MCL_NIST_P384 = MCL_SECP384R1,
 	MCL_NIST_P521 = MCL_SECP521R1
 };
diff --git a/include/mcl/ec.hpp b/include/mcl/ec.hpp
index 1ab4096..3686239 100644
--- a/include/mcl/ec.hpp
+++ b/include/mcl/ec.hpp
@@ -1215,25 +1215,22 @@ template<class Ec> mpz_class GLV1T<Ec>::r;
 /*
 	Ec : elliptic curve
 	Zn : cyclic group of the order |Ec|
-	P : set the generator of Ec unless NULL
+	set P the generator of Ec if P != 0
 */
 template<class Ec, class Zn>
-void initCurve(bool *pb, int curveType, Ec *P = 0)
+void initCurve(bool *pb, int curveType, Ec *P = 0, mcl::fp::Mode mode = fp::FP_AUTO, mcl::ec::Mode ecMode = ec::Jacobi)
 {
 	typedef typename Ec::Fp Fp;
 	*pb = false;
 	const EcParam *ecParam = getEcParam(curveType);
 	if (ecParam == 0) return;
 
-	Zn::init(pb, ecParam->n);
+	Zn::init(pb, ecParam->n, mode);
 	if (!*pb) return;
-	Fp::init(pb, ecParam->p);
+	Fp::init(pb, ecParam->p, mode);
 	if (!*pb) return;
-	Ec::init(pb, ecParam->a, ecParam->b);
+	Ec::init(pb, ecParam->a, ecParam->b, ecMode);
 	if (!*pb) return;
-	Zn::setIoMode(16);
-	Fp::setIoMode(16);
-//	Ec::setIoMode(IoEcAffine);
 	if (P) {
 		Fp x, y;
 		x.setStr(pb, ecParam->gx);
@@ -1251,6 +1248,16 @@ void initCurve(bool *pb, int curveType, Ec *P = 0)
 	}
 }
 
+#ifndef CYBOZU_DONT_USE_EXCEPTION
+template<class Ec, class Zn>
+void initCurve(int curveType, Ec *P = 0, mcl::fp::Mode mode = fp::FP_AUTO, mcl::ec::Mode ecMode = ec::Jacobi)
+{
+	bool b;
+	initCurve<Ec, Zn>(&b, curveType, P, mode, ecMode);
+	if (!b) throw cybozu::Exception("mcl:initCurve") << curveType << mode << ecMode;
+}
+#endif
+
 } // mcl
 
 #ifdef CYBOZU_USE_BOOST
diff --git a/include/mcl/ecparam.hpp b/include/mcl/ecparam.hpp
index 9fa4e04..dba8063 100644
--- a/include/mcl/ecparam.hpp
+++ b/include/mcl/ecparam.hpp
@@ -33,9 +33,9 @@ const struct mcl::EcParam secp160k1 = {
 	"0x938cf935318fdced6bc28286531733c3f03c4fee",
 	"0x100000000000000000001b8fa16dfab9aca16b6b3",
 	160,
-	-1
+	MCL_SECP160K1
 };
-// p=2^160 + 7
+// p=2^160 + 7 (for test)
 const struct mcl::EcParam p160_1 = {
 	"p160_1",
 	"0x10000000000000000000000000000000000000007",
@@ -45,7 +45,7 @@ const struct mcl::EcParam p160_1 = {
 	"1236612389951462151661156731535316138439983579284",
 	"1461501637330902918203683518218126812711137002561",
 	161,
-	-1
+	MCL_P160_1
 };
 const struct mcl::EcParam secp192k1 = {
 	"secp192k1",
@@ -198,6 +198,8 @@ inline const mcl::EcParam* getEcParam(int curve)
 	case MCL_NIST_P192: return &ecparam::NIST_P192;
 	case MCL_NIST_P224: return &ecparam::NIST_P224;
 	case MCL_NIST_P256: return &ecparam::NIST_P256;
+	case MCL_SECP160K1: return &ecparam::secp160k1;
+	case MCL_P160_1: return &ecparam::p160_1;
 	default: return 0;
 	}
 }
diff --git a/sample/bench.cpp b/sample/bench.cpp
index 0f865b1..de81f25 100644
--- a/sample/bench.cpp
+++ b/sample/bench.cpp
@@ -76,12 +76,8 @@ void benchFp(size_t bitSize, int mode)
 
 void benchEcSub(const mcl::EcParam& para, mcl::fp::Mode mode, mcl::ec::Mode ecMode)
 {
-	Fp::init(para.p, mode);
-	Zn::init(para.n);
-	Ec::init(para.a, para.b, ecMode);
-	Fp x(para.gx);
-	Fp y(para.gy);
-	Ec P(x, y);
+	Ec P;
+	mcl::initCurve<Ec, Zn>(para.curveType, &P, mode, ecMode);
 	Ec P2; Ec::add(P2, P, P);
 	Ec Q = P + P + P;
 	double addT, add2T, subT, dblT, mulT, mulCTT, mulRandT, mulCTRandT, normT;
diff --git a/sample/ecdh.cpp b/sample/ecdh.cpp
index d5c4a31..4fca3c0 100644
--- a/sample/ecdh.cpp
+++ b/sample/ecdh.cpp
@@ -7,31 +7,25 @@
 #include <mcl/fp.hpp>
 #include <mcl/ecparam.hpp>
 
-typedef mcl::FpT<> Fp;
+typedef mcl::FpT<mcl::FpTag> Fp;
 typedef mcl::FpT<mcl::ZnTag> Zn;
 typedef mcl::EcT<Fp> Ec;
 
 int main()
 {
-	cybozu::RandomGenerator rg;
 	/*
-		system setup with a parameter secp192k1 recommended by SECG
 		Ec is an elliptic curve over Fp
 		the cyclic group of <P> is isomorphic to Zn
 	*/
-	const mcl::EcParam& para = mcl::ecparam::secp192k1;
-	Zn::init(para.n);
-	Fp::init(para.p);
-	Ec::init(para.a, para.b);
-	const Ec P(Fp(para.gx), Fp(para.gy));
-
+	Ec P;
+	mcl::initCurve<Ec, Zn>(MCL_SECP192K1, &P);
 	/*
 		Alice setups a private key a and public key aP
 	*/
 	Zn a;
 	Ec aP;
 
-	a.setRand(rg);
+	a.setByCSPRNG();
 	Ec::mul(aP, P, a); // aP = a * P;
 
 	std::cout << "aP=" << aP << std::endl;
@@ -42,7 +36,7 @@ int main()
 	Zn b;
 	Ec bP;
 
-	b.setRand(rg);
+	b.setByCSPRNG();
 	Ec::mul(bP, P, b); // bP = b * P;
 
 	std::cout << "bP=" << bP << std::endl;
diff --git a/sample/vote.cpp b/sample/vote.cpp
index 8813718..36b08e2 100644
--- a/sample/vote.cpp
+++ b/sample/vote.cpp
@@ -16,8 +16,8 @@
 #include <mcl/elgamal.hpp>
 #include <mcl/ecparam.hpp>
 
-typedef mcl::FpT<> Fp;
-typedef mcl::FpT<mcl::ZnTag> Zn; // use ZnTag because Zn is different class with Fp
+typedef mcl::FpT<mcl::FpTag> Fp;
+typedef mcl::FpT<mcl::ZnTag> Zn;
 typedef mcl::EcT<Fp> Ec;
 typedef mcl::ElgamalT<Ec, Zn> Elgamal;
 
@@ -59,10 +59,7 @@ struct Param {
 
 void SysInit()
 {
-	const mcl::EcParam& para = mcl::ecparam::secp192k1;
-	Zn::init(para.n);
-	Fp::init(para.p);
-	Ec::init(para.a, para.b);
+	mcl::initCurve<Ec, Zn>(MCL_SECP192K1);
 }
 
 template<class T>
diff --git a/test/ec_test.cpp b/test/ec_test.cpp
index ec49adb..7999443 100644
--- a/test/ec_test.cpp
+++ b/test/ec_test.cpp
@@ -32,9 +32,7 @@ struct Test {
 		: para(para)
 	{
 		printf("fpMode=%s\n", mcl::fp::ModeToStr(fpMode));
-		Fp::init(para.p, fpMode);
-		Zn::init(para.n, fpMode);
-		Ec::init(para.a, para.b, ecMode);
+		mcl::initCurve<Ec, Zn>(para.curveType, 0, fpMode, ecMode);
 	}
 	void cstr() const
 	{
diff --git a/test/elgamal_test.cpp b/test/elgamal_test.cpp
index 8f27f90..f021cff 100644
--- a/test/elgamal_test.cpp
+++ b/test/elgamal_test.cpp
@@ -15,13 +15,9 @@ cybozu::RandomGenerator g_rg;
 
 CYBOZU_TEST_AUTO(testEc)
 {
-	Fp::init(para.p);
-	Zn::init(para.n);
-	Ec::init(para.a, para.b);
-	const Fp x0(para.gx);
-	const Fp y0(para.gy);
+	Ec P;
+	mcl::initCurve<Ec, Zn>(para.curveType, &P);
 	const size_t bitSize = Zn::getBitSize();
-	const Ec P(x0, y0);
 	/*
 		Zn = <P>
 	*/