woop/blockchain/blockchain.go

package blockchain

import (
	"bytes"
	"encoding/hex"
)

// Blockchain keeps a sequence of Blocks
type Blockchain struct {
	Blocks []*Block
}

const genesisCoinbaseData = "The Times 03/Jan/2009 Chancellor on brink of second bailout for banks"

// GetLatestBlock gests the latest block at the end of the chain
func (bc *Blockchain) GetLatestBlock() *Block {
	if len(bc.Blocks) == 0 {
		return nil
	}
	return bc.Blocks[len(bc.Blocks)-1]
}

// FindUnspentTransactions returns a list of transactions containing unspent outputs
func (bc *Blockchain) FindUnspentTransactions(address string) []Transaction {
	var unspentTXs []Transaction
	spentTXOs := make(map[string][]int)

	for index := len(bc.Blocks) - 1; index >= 0; index-- {
		block := bc.Blocks[index]

		for _, tx := range block.Transactions {
			txID := hex.EncodeToString(tx.ID[:])

			idx := -1
			// TODO(minhdoan): Optimize this.
			if spentTXOs[txID] != nil {
				idx = 0
			}
			for outIdx, txOutput := range tx.TxOutput {
				if idx >= 0 && spentTXOs[txID][idx] == outIdx {
					idx++
					continue
				}

				if txOutput.Address == address {
					unspentTXs = append(unspentTXs, *tx)
					// Break because of the assumption that each address appears once in output.
					break
				}
			}

			for _, txInput := range tx.TxInput {
				if address == txInput.Address {
					ID := hex.EncodeToString(txInput.TxID)
					spentTXOs[ID] = append(spentTXOs[ID], txInput.TxOutputIndex)
				}
			}
		}
	}
	return unspentTXs
}

// FindUTXO finds and returns all unspent transaction outputs
func (bc *Blockchain) FindUTXO(address string) []TXOutput {
	var UTXOs []TXOutput
	unspentTXs := bc.FindUnspentTransactions(address)

	for _, tx := range unspentTXs {
		for _, txOutput := range tx.TxOutput {
			if txOutput.Address == address {
				UTXOs = append(UTXOs, txOutput)
				break
			}
		}
	}

	return UTXOs
}

// FindSpendableOutputs finds and returns unspent outputs to reference in inputs
func (bc *Blockchain) FindSpendableOutputs(address string, amount int) (int, map[string][]int) {
	unspentOutputs := make(map[string][]int)
	unspentTXs := bc.FindUnspentTransactions(address)
	accumulated := 0

Work:
	for _, tx := range unspentTXs {
		txID := hex.EncodeToString(tx.ID[:])

		for outIdx, txOutput := range tx.TxOutput {
			if txOutput.Address == address && accumulated < amount {
				accumulated += txOutput.Value
				unspentOutputs[txID] = append(unspentOutputs[txID], outIdx)

				if accumulated >= amount {
					break Work
				}
			}
		}
	}

	return accumulated, unspentOutputs
}

// NewUTXOTransaction creates a new transaction
func (bc *Blockchain) NewUTXOTransaction(from, to string, amount int) *Transaction {
	var inputs []TXInput
	var outputs []TXOutput

	acc, validOutputs := bc.FindSpendableOutputs(from, amount)

	if acc < amount {
		return nil
	}

	// Build a list of inputs
	for txid, outs := range validOutputs {
		txID, err := hex.DecodeString(txid)
		if err != nil {
			return nil
		}

		for _, out := range outs {
			input := TXInput{txID, out, from}
			inputs = append(inputs, input)
		}
	}

	// Build a list of outputs
	outputs = append(outputs, TXOutput{amount, to})
	if acc > amount {
		outputs = append(outputs, TXOutput{acc - amount, from}) // a change
	}

	tx := Transaction{[32]byte{}, inputs, outputs}
	tx.SetID()

	return &tx
}

// AddNewUserTransfer creates a new transaction and a block of that transaction.
// Mostly used for testing.
func (bc *Blockchain) AddNewUserTransfer(utxoPool *UTXOPool, from, to string, amount int) bool {
	tx := bc.NewUTXOTransaction(from, to, amount)
	if tx != nil {
		newBlock := NewBlock([]*Transaction{tx}, bc.Blocks[len(bc.Blocks)-1].Hash)
		if bc.VerifyNewBlockAndUpdate(utxoPool, newBlock) {
			return true
		}
	}
	return false
}

// VerifyNewBlockAndUpdate verifies if the new coming block is valid for the current blockchain.
func (bc *Blockchain) VerifyNewBlockAndUpdate(utxopool *UTXOPool, block *Block) bool {
	length := len(bc.Blocks)
	if bytes.Compare(block.PrevBlockHash[:], bc.Blocks[length-1].Hash[:]) != 0 {
		return false
	}
	if block.Timestamp < bc.Blocks[length-1].Timestamp {
		return false
	}

	if utxopool != nil && !utxopool.VerifyAndUpdate(block.Transactions) {
		return false
	}
	bc.Blocks = append(bc.Blocks, block)
	return true
}

// CreateBlockchain creates a new blockchain DB
func CreateBlockchain(address string) *Blockchain {
	// TODO: We assume we have not created any blockchain before.
	// In current bitcoin, we can check if we created a blockchain before accessing local db.
	cbtx := NewCoinbaseTX(address, genesisCoinbaseData)
	genesis := NewGenesisBlock(cbtx)

	bc := Blockchain{[]*Block{genesis}}

	return &bc
}