nedb/lib/datastore.js

const { EventEmitter } = require('events')
const util = require('util')
const async = require('async')
const Cursor = require('./cursor.js')
const customUtils = require('./customUtils.js')
const Executor = require('./executor.js')
const Index = require('./indexes.js')
const model = require('./model.js')
const Persistence = require('./persistence.js')

class Datastore extends EventEmitter {
  /**
   * Create a new collection
   * @param {String} options.filename Optional, datastore will be in-memory only if not provided
   * @param {Boolean} options.timestampData Optional, defaults to false. If set to true, createdAt and updatedAt will be created and populated automatically (if not specified by user)
   * @param {Boolean} options.inMemoryOnly Optional, defaults to false
   * @param {String} options.nodeWebkitAppName Optional, specify the name of your NW app if you want options.filename to be relative to the directory where
   *                                            Node Webkit stores application data such as cookies and local storage (the best place to store data in my opinion)
   * @param {Boolean} options.autoload Optional, defaults to false
   * @param {Function} options.onload Optional, if autoload is used this will be called after the load database with the error object as parameter. If you don't pass it the error will be thrown
   * @param {Function} options.afterSerialization/options.beforeDeserialization Optional, serialization hooks
   * @param {Number} options.corruptAlertThreshold Optional, threshold after which an alert is thrown if too much data is corrupt
   * @param {Function} options.compareStrings Optional, string comparison function that overrides default for sorting
   *
   * Event Emitter - Events
   * * compaction.done - Fired whenever a compaction operation was finished
   */
  constructor (options) {
    super()
    let filename

    // Retrocompatibility with v0.6 and before
    if (typeof options === 'string') {
      filename = options
      this.inMemoryOnly = false // Default
    } else {
      options = options || {}
      filename = options.filename
      this.inMemoryOnly = options.inMemoryOnly || false
      this.autoload = options.autoload || false
      this.timestampData = options.timestampData || false
    }

    // Determine whether in memory or persistent
    if (!filename || typeof filename !== 'string' || filename.length === 0) {
      this.filename = null
      this.inMemoryOnly = true
    } else {
      this.filename = filename
    }

    // String comparison function
    this.compareStrings = options.compareStrings

    // Persistence handling
    this.persistence = new Persistence({
      db: this,
      nodeWebkitAppName: options.nodeWebkitAppName,
      afterSerialization: options.afterSerialization,
      beforeDeserialization: options.beforeDeserialization,
      corruptAlertThreshold: options.corruptAlertThreshold
    })

    // This new executor is ready if we don't use persistence
    // If we do, it will only be ready once loadDatabase is called
    this.executor = new Executor()
    if (this.inMemoryOnly) this.executor.ready = true

    // Indexed by field name, dot notation can be used
    // _id is always indexed and since _ids are generated randomly the underlying
    // binary is always well-balanced
    this.indexes = {}
    this.indexes._id = new Index({ fieldName: '_id', unique: true })
    this.ttlIndexes = {}

    // Queue a load of the database right away and call the onload handler
    // By default (no onload handler), if there is an error there, no operation will be possible so warn the user by throwing an exception
    if (this.autoload) {
      this.loadDatabase(options.onload || (err => {
        if (err) throw err
      }))
    }
  }

  /**
   * Load the database from the datafile, and trigger the execution of buffered commands if any
   */
  loadDatabase () {
    this.executor.push({ this: this.persistence, fn: this.persistence.loadDatabase, arguments: arguments }, true)
  }

  /**
   * Get an array of all the data in the database
   */
  getAllData () {
    return this.indexes._id.getAll()
  }

  /**
   * Reset all currently defined indexes
   */
  resetIndexes (newData) {
    for (const index of Object.values(this.indexes)) {
      index.reset(newData)
    }
  }

  /**
   * Ensure an index is kept for this field. Same parameters as lib/indexes
   * For now this function is synchronous, we need to test how much time it takes
   * We use an async API for consistency with the rest of the code
   * @param {Object} options
   * @param {String} options.fieldName
   * @param {Boolean} options.unique
   * @param {Boolean} options.sparse
   * @param {Number} options.expireAfterSeconds - Optional, if set this index becomes a TTL index (only works on Date fields, not arrays of Date)
   * @param {Function} callback Optional callback, signature: err
   */
  ensureIndex (options = {}, callback = () => {}) {
    if (!options.fieldName) {
      const err = new Error('Cannot create an index without a fieldName')
      err.missingFieldName = true
      return callback(err)
    }
    if (this.indexes[options.fieldName]) return callback(null)

    this.indexes[options.fieldName] = new Index(options)
    if (options.expireAfterSeconds !== undefined) this.ttlIndexes[options.fieldName] = options.expireAfterSeconds // With this implementation index creation is not necessary to ensure TTL but we stick with MongoDB's API here

    try {
      this.indexes[options.fieldName].insert(this.getAllData())
    } catch (e) {
      delete this.indexes[options.fieldName]
      return callback(e)
    }

    // We may want to force all options to be persisted including defaults, not just the ones passed the index creation function
    this.persistence.persistNewState([{ $$indexCreated: options }], err => {
      if (err) return callback(err)
      return callback(null)
    })
  }

  /**
   * Remove an index
   * @param {String} fieldName
   * @param {Function} callback Optional callback, signature: err
   */
  removeIndex (fieldName, callback = () => {}) {
    delete this.indexes[fieldName]

    this.persistence.persistNewState([{ $$indexRemoved: fieldName }], err => {
      if (err) return callback(err)
      return callback(null)
    })
  }

  /**
   * Add one or several document(s) to all indexes
   */
  addToIndexes (doc) {
    let failingIndex
    let error
    const keys = Object.keys(this.indexes)

    for (let i = 0; i < keys.length; i += 1) {
      try {
        this.indexes[keys[i]].insert(doc)
      } catch (e) {
        failingIndex = i
        error = e
        break
      }
    }

    // If an error happened, we need to rollback the insert on all other indexes
    if (error) {
      for (let i = 0; i < failingIndex; i += 1) {
        this.indexes[keys[i]].remove(doc)
      }

      throw error
    }
  }

  /**
   * Remove one or several document(s) from all indexes
   */
  removeFromIndexes (doc) {
    for (const index of Object.values(this.indexes)) {
      index.remove(doc)
    }
  }

  /**
   * Update one or several documents in all indexes
   * To update multiple documents, oldDoc must be an array of { oldDoc, newDoc } pairs
   * If one update violates a constraint, all changes are rolled back
   */
  updateIndexes (oldDoc, newDoc) {
    let failingIndex
    let error
    const keys = Object.keys(this.indexes)

    for (let i = 0; i < keys.length; i += 1) {
      try {
        this.indexes[keys[i]].update(oldDoc, newDoc)
      } catch (e) {
        failingIndex = i
        error = e
        break
      }
    }

    // If an error happened, we need to rollback the update on all other indexes
    if (error) {
      for (let i = 0; i < failingIndex; i += 1) {
        this.indexes[keys[i]].revertUpdate(oldDoc, newDoc)
      }

      throw error
    }
  }

  /**
   * Return the list of candidates for a given query
   * Crude implementation for now, we return the candidates given by the first usable index if any
   * We try the following query types, in this order: basic match, $in match, comparison match
   * One way to make it better would be to enable the use of multiple indexes if the first usable index
   * returns too much data. I may do it in the future.
   *
   * Returned candidates will be scanned to find and remove all expired documents
   *
   * @param {Query} query
   * @param {Boolean} dontExpireStaleDocs Optional, defaults to false, if true don't remove stale docs. Useful for the remove function which shouldn't be impacted by expirations
   * @param {Function} callback Signature err, candidates
   */
  getCandidates (query, dontExpireStaleDocs, callback) {
    const indexNames = Object.keys(this.indexes)
    let usableQueryKeys

    if (typeof dontExpireStaleDocs === 'function') {
      callback = dontExpireStaleDocs
      dontExpireStaleDocs = false
    }

    async.waterfall([
      // STEP 1: get candidates list by checking indexes from most to least frequent usecase
      cb => {
        // For a basic match
        usableQueryKeys = []
        Object.keys(query).forEach(k => {
          if (typeof query[k] === 'string' || typeof query[k] === 'number' || typeof query[k] === 'boolean' || util.types.isDate(query[k]) || query[k] === null) {
            usableQueryKeys.push(k)
          }
        })
        usableQueryKeys = usableQueryKeys.filter(k => indexNames.includes(k))
        if (usableQueryKeys.length > 0) {
          return cb(null, this.indexes[usableQueryKeys[0]].getMatching(query[usableQueryKeys[0]]))
        }

        // For a $in match
        usableQueryKeys = []
        Object.keys(query).forEach(k => {
          if (query[k] && Object.prototype.hasOwnProperty.call(query[k], '$in')) {
            usableQueryKeys.push(k)
          }
        })
        usableQueryKeys = usableQueryKeys.filter(k => indexNames.includes(k))
        if (usableQueryKeys.length > 0) {
          return cb(null, this.indexes[usableQueryKeys[0]].getMatching(query[usableQueryKeys[0]].$in))
        }

        // For a comparison match
        usableQueryKeys = []
        Object.keys(query).forEach(k => {
          if (query[k] && (Object.prototype.hasOwnProperty.call(query[k], '$lt') || Object.prototype.hasOwnProperty.call(query[k], '$lte') || Object.prototype.hasOwnProperty.call(query[k], '$gt') || Object.prototype.hasOwnProperty.call(query[k], '$gte'))) {
            usableQueryKeys.push(k)
          }
        })
        usableQueryKeys = usableQueryKeys.filter(k => indexNames.includes(k))
        if (usableQueryKeys.length > 0) {
          return cb(null, this.indexes[usableQueryKeys[0]].getBetweenBounds(query[usableQueryKeys[0]]))
        }

        // By default, return all the DB data
        return cb(null, this.getAllData())
      },
      // STEP 2: remove all expired documents
      docs => {
        if (dontExpireStaleDocs) return callback(null, docs)

        const expiredDocsIds = []
        const validDocs = []
        const ttlIndexesFieldNames = Object.keys(this.ttlIndexes)

        docs.forEach(doc => {
          let valid = true
          ttlIndexesFieldNames.forEach(i => {
            if (doc[i] !== undefined && util.types.isDate(doc[i]) && Date.now() > doc[i].getTime() + this.ttlIndexes[i] * 1000) {
              valid = false
            }
          })
          if (valid) validDocs.push(doc)
          else expiredDocsIds.push(doc._id)
        })

        async.eachSeries(expiredDocsIds, (_id, cb) => {
          this._remove({ _id: _id }, {}, err => {
            if (err) return callback(err)
            return cb()
          })
          // eslint-disable-next-line node/handle-callback-err
        }, err => {
          // TODO: handle error
          return callback(null, validDocs)
        })
      }])
  }

  /**
   * Insert a new document
   * @param {Document} newDoc
   * @param {Function} callback Optional callback, signature: err, insertedDoc
   *
   * @api private Use Datastore.insert which has the same signature
   */
  _insert (newDoc, callback = () => {}) {
    let preparedDoc

    try {
      preparedDoc = this.prepareDocumentForInsertion(newDoc)
      this._insertInCache(preparedDoc)
    } catch (e) {
      return callback(e)
    }

    this.persistence.persistNewState(Array.isArray(preparedDoc) ? preparedDoc : [preparedDoc], err => {
      if (err) return callback(err)
      return callback(null, model.deepCopy(preparedDoc))
    })
  }

  /**
   * Create a new _id that's not already in use
   */
  createNewId () {
    let attemptId = customUtils.uid(16)
    // Try as many times as needed to get an unused _id. As explained in customUtils, the probability of this ever happening is extremely small, so this is O(1)
    if (this.indexes._id.getMatching(attemptId).length > 0) attemptId = this.createNewId()
    return attemptId
  }

  /**
   * Prepare a document (or array of documents) to be inserted in a database
   * Meaning adds _id and timestamps if necessary on a copy of newDoc to avoid any side effect on user input
   * @api private
   */
  prepareDocumentForInsertion (newDoc) {
    let preparedDoc

    if (Array.isArray(newDoc)) {
      preparedDoc = []
      newDoc.forEach(doc => { preparedDoc.push(this.prepareDocumentForInsertion(doc)) })
    } else {
      preparedDoc = model.deepCopy(newDoc)
      if (preparedDoc._id === undefined) preparedDoc._id = this.createNewId()
      const now = new Date()
      if (this.timestampData && preparedDoc.createdAt === undefined) preparedDoc.createdAt = now
      if (this.timestampData && preparedDoc.updatedAt === undefined) preparedDoc.updatedAt = now
      model.checkObject(preparedDoc)
    }

    return preparedDoc
  }

  /**
   * If newDoc is an array of documents, this will insert all documents in the cache
   * @api private
   */
  _insertInCache (preparedDoc) {
    if (Array.isArray(preparedDoc)) this._insertMultipleDocsInCache(preparedDoc)
    else this.addToIndexes(preparedDoc)
  }

  /**
   * If one insertion fails (e.g. because of a unique constraint), roll back all previous
   * inserts and throws the error
   * @api private
   */
  _insertMultipleDocsInCache (preparedDocs) {
    let failingIndex
    let error

    for (let i = 0; i < preparedDocs.length; i += 1) {
      try {
        this.addToIndexes(preparedDocs[i])
      } catch (e) {
        error = e
        failingIndex = i
        break
      }
    }

    if (error) {
      for (let i = 0; i < failingIndex; i += 1) {
        this.removeFromIndexes(preparedDocs[i])
      }

      throw error
    }
  }

  insert () {
    this.executor.push({ this: this, fn: this._insert, arguments: arguments })
  }

  /**
   * Count all documents matching the query
   * @param {Object} query MongoDB-style query
   * @param {Function} callback Optional callback, signature: err, count
   */
  count (query, callback) {
    const cursor = new Cursor(this, query, function (err, docs, callback) {
      if (err) { return callback(err) }
      return callback(null, docs.length)
    })

    if (typeof callback === 'function') cursor.exec(callback)
    else return cursor
  }

  /**
   * Find all documents matching the query
   * If no callback is passed, we return the cursor so that user can limit, skip and finally exec
   * @param {Object} query MongoDB-style query
   * @param {Object} projection MongoDB-style projection
   * @param {Function} callback Optional callback, signature: err, docs
   */
  find (query, projection, callback) {
    if (arguments.length === 1) {
      projection = {}
      // callback is undefined, will return a cursor
    } else if (arguments.length === 2) {
      if (typeof projection === 'function') {
        callback = projection
        projection = {}
      } // If not assume projection is an object and callback undefined
    }

    const cursor = new Cursor(this, query, function (err, docs, callback) {
      if (err) { return callback(err) }

      const res = docs.map(doc => model.deepCopy(doc))

      return callback(null, res)
    })

    cursor.projection(projection)
    if (typeof callback === 'function') cursor.exec(callback)
    else return cursor
  }

  /**
   * Find one document matching the query
   * @param {Object} query MongoDB-style query
   * @param {Object} projection MongoDB-style projection
   * @param {Function} callback Optional callback, signature: err, doc
   */
  findOne (query, projection, callback) {
    if (arguments.length === 1) {
      projection = {}
      // callback is undefined, will return a cursor
    } else if (arguments.length === 2) {
      if (typeof projection === 'function') {
        callback = projection
        projection = {}
      } // If not assume projection is an object and callback undefined
    }

    const cursor = new Cursor(this, query, (err, docs, callback) => {
      if (err) return callback(err)
      if (docs.length === 1) return callback(null, model.deepCopy(docs[0]))
      else return callback(null, null)
    })

    cursor.projection(projection).limit(1)
    if (typeof callback === 'function') cursor.exec(callback)
    else return cursor
  }

  /**
   * Update all docs matching query
   * @param {Object} query
   * @param {Object} updateQuery
   * @param {Object} options Optional options
   *                 options.multi If true, can update multiple documents (defaults to false)
   *                 options.upsert If true, document is inserted if the query doesn't match anything
   *                 options.returnUpdatedDocs Defaults to false, if true return as third argument the array of updated matched documents (even if no change actually took place)
   * @param {Function} cb Optional callback, signature: (err, numAffected, affectedDocuments, upsert)
   *                      If update was an upsert, upsert flag is set to true
   *                      affectedDocuments can be one of the following:
   *                        * For an upsert, the upserted document
   *                        * For an update with returnUpdatedDocs option false, null
   *                        * For an update with returnUpdatedDocs true and multi false, the updated document
   *                        * For an update with returnUpdatedDocs true and multi true, the array of updated documents
   *
   * WARNING: The API was changed between v1.7.4 and v1.8, for consistency and readability reasons. Prior and including to v1.7.4,
   *          the callback signature was (err, numAffected, updated) where updated was the updated document in case of an upsert
   *          or the array of updated documents for an update if the returnUpdatedDocs option was true. That meant that the type of
   *          affectedDocuments in a non multi update depended on whether there was an upsert or not, leaving only two ways for the
   *          user to check whether an upsert had occured: checking the type of affectedDocuments or running another find query on
   *          the whole dataset to check its size. Both options being ugly, the breaking change was necessary.
   *
   * @api private Use Datastore.update which has the same signature
   */
  _update (query, updateQuery, options, cb) {
    if (typeof options === 'function') {
      cb = options
      options = {}
    }
    const callback = cb || (() => {})
    const multi = options.multi !== undefined ? options.multi : false
    const upsert = options.upsert !== undefined ? options.upsert : false

    async.waterfall([
      cb => { // If upsert option is set, check whether we need to insert the doc
        if (!upsert) return cb()

        // Need to use an internal function not tied to the executor to avoid deadlock
        const cursor = new Cursor(this, query)
        cursor.limit(1)._exec((err, docs) => {
          if (err) return callback(err)
          if (docs.length === 1) return cb()
          else {
            let toBeInserted

            try {
              model.checkObject(updateQuery)
              // updateQuery is a simple object with no modifier, use it as the document to insert
              toBeInserted = updateQuery
            } catch (e) {
              // updateQuery contains modifiers, use the find query as the base,
              // strip it from all operators and update it according to updateQuery
              try {
                toBeInserted = model.modify(model.deepCopy(query, true), updateQuery)
              } catch (err) {
                return callback(err)
              }
            }

            return this._insert(toBeInserted, (err, newDoc) => {
              if (err) return callback(err)
              return callback(null, 1, newDoc, true)
            })
          }
        })
      },
      () => { // Perform the update
        let numReplaced = 0
        let modifiedDoc
        const modifications = []
        let createdAt

        this.getCandidates(query, (err, candidates) => {
          if (err) return callback(err)

          // Preparing update (if an error is thrown here neither the datafile nor
          // the in-memory indexes are affected)
          try {
            for (const candidate of candidates) {
              if (model.match(candidate, query) && (multi || numReplaced === 0)) {
                numReplaced += 1
                if (this.timestampData) { createdAt = candidate.createdAt }
                modifiedDoc = model.modify(candidate, updateQuery)
                if (this.timestampData) {
                  modifiedDoc.createdAt = createdAt
                  modifiedDoc.updatedAt = new Date()
                }
                modifications.push({ oldDoc: candidate, newDoc: modifiedDoc })
              }
            }
          } catch (err) {
            return callback(err)
          }

          // Change the docs in memory
          try {
            this.updateIndexes(modifications)
          } catch (err) {
            return callback(err)
          }

          // Update the datafile
          const updatedDocs = modifications.map(x => x.newDoc)
          this.persistence.persistNewState(updatedDocs, err => {
            if (err) return callback(err)
            if (!options.returnUpdatedDocs) {
              return callback(null, numReplaced)
            } else {
              let updatedDocsDC = []
              updatedDocs.forEach(doc => { updatedDocsDC.push(model.deepCopy(doc)) })
              if (!multi) updatedDocsDC = updatedDocsDC[0]
              return callback(null, numReplaced, updatedDocsDC)
            }
          })
        })
      }])
  }

  update () {
    this.executor.push({ this: this, fn: this._update, arguments: arguments })
  }

  /**
   * Remove all docs matching the query
   * For now very naive implementation (similar to update)
   * @param {Object} query
   * @param {Object} options Optional options
   *                 options.multi If true, can update multiple documents (defaults to false)
   * @param {Function} cb Optional callback, signature: err, numRemoved
   *
   * @api private Use Datastore.remove which has the same signature
   */
  _remove (query, options, cb) {
    if (typeof options === 'function') {
      cb = options
      options = {}
    }
    const callback = cb || (() => {})
    const multi = options.multi !== undefined ? options.multi : false

    this.getCandidates(query, true, (err, candidates) => {
      if (err) return callback(err)
      const removedDocs = []
      let numRemoved = 0

      try {
        candidates.forEach(d => {
          if (model.match(d, query) && (multi || numRemoved === 0)) {
            numRemoved += 1
            removedDocs.push({ $$deleted: true, _id: d._id })
            this.removeFromIndexes(d)
          }
        })
      } catch (err) {
        return callback(err)
      }

      this.persistence.persistNewState(removedDocs, err => {
        if (err) return callback(err)
        return callback(null, numRemoved)
      })
    })
  }

  remove () {
    this.executor.push({ this: this, fn: this._remove, arguments: arguments })
  }
}

module.exports = Datastore