# NeDB (Node Embedded DataBase) Embedded persistent database for Node.js, with no dependency (except npm modules of course). You can think of it as a SQLite for Node.js, which can be installed and used in less than 30 seconds. The API is a subset of MongoDB's. ## Installation, tests ```javascript npm install nedb --save // Put latest version in your package.json make test ``` ## API It's a subset of MongoDB's API (the most used operations). The current API will not change, but I will add operations as they are needed. ### Creating/loading a database ```javascript var Datastore = require('nedb') , db = new Datastore('path/to/datafile'); db.loadDatabase(function (err) { // Callback is optional // err is the error, if any }); // Of course you can create multiple datastores if you need several // collections. For example: db = {}; db.users = new Datastore('path/to/users.db'); db.robots = new Datastore('path/to/robots.db'); // You need to load each database db.users.loadDatabase(); db.robots.loadDatabase(); ``` ### Inserting documents The native types are String, Number, Boolean and Date. You can also use arrays and subdocuments (objects). If you specify an `_id` field, it will be used as the document's _id, otherwise nedb will generate one. Note that the generated `_id` is a simple string, not an ObjectId. Field names cannot begin by '$' or contain a '.'. ```javascript var document = { hello: 'world' , n: 5 , today: new Date() , nedbIsAwesome: true , fruits: [ 'apple', 'orange', 'pear' ] , infos: { name: 'nedb' } }; db.insert(document, function (err, newDoc) { // Callback is optional // newDoc is the newly inserted document, including its _id }); ``` ### Finding documents For now, you can only select documents based on field equality. You can use `find` to look for multiple documents matching you query, of `findOne` to look for one specific document. ```javascript // Let's say our datastore contains the following collection // { _id: 'id1', planet: 'Mars', system: 'solar', inhabited: false } // { _id: 'id2', planet: 'Earth', system: 'solar', inhabited: true } // { _id: 'id3', planet: 'Jupiter', system: 'solar', inhabited: false } // { _id: 'id4', planet: 'Omicron Persia 8', system: 'futurama', inhabited: true } // Finding all planets in the solar system db.find({ system: 'solar' }, function (err, docs) { // docs is an array containing documents _id1, _id2, _id3 // If no document is found, docs is equal to [] }); // Finding all inhabited planets in the solar system db.find({ system: 'solar', inhabited: true }, function (err, docs) { // docs is an array containing document _id2 only }); db.find({}, function (err, docs) { // docs contains all documents in the collection }); db.findOne({ _id: 'id1' }, function (err, doc) { // doc is the document _id1 // If no document is found, doc is null }); ``` ### Updating documents `db.update(query, update, options, callback)` will update all documents matching `query` according to the `update` rules: * `query` is the same kind of finding query you use with `find` and `findOne` * `update` specifies how the documents should be modified. It is either a new document or a set of modifiers (you cannot use both together, it doesn't make sense!) * A new document will replace the matched docs * The available modifiers are `$set` to change a field's value and `$inc` to increment a field's value. The modifiers create the fields they need to modify if they don't exist, and you can apply them to subdocs. See examples below for the syntax * `options` is an object with two possible parameters * `multi` (defaults to `false`) which allows the modification of several documents if set to true * `upsert` (defaults to `false`) if you want to insert a new document corresponding to the `update` rules if your `query` doesn't match anything * `callback` (optional) signature: err, numReplaced, upsert * `numReplaced` is the number of documents replaced * `upsert` is set to true if the upsert mode was chosen and a document was inserted ```javascript // Let's use the same example collection as in the "finding document" part // Replace a document by another db.update({ planet: 'Jupiter' }, { planet: 'Pluton'}, {}, function (err, numReplaced) { // numReplaced = 1 // The doc #3 has been replaced by { _id: 'id3', planet: 'Pluton' } // Note that the _id is kept unchanged, and the document has been replaced // (the 'system' and inhabited fields are not here anymore) }); // Set an existing field's value db.update({ system: 'solar' }, { $set: { system: 'solar system' } }, { multi: true }, function (err, numReplaced) { // numReplaced = 3 // Field 'system' on Mars, Earth, Jupiter now has value 'solar system' }); // Incrementing the value of a non-existing field in a subdocument db.update({ planet: 'Mars' }, { $inc: { "data.satellites": 2 } }, {}, function () { // Mars document now is { _id: 'id1', system: 'solar', inhabited: false // , data: { satellites: 2 } // } }); // Upserting a document db.update({ planet: 'Pluton' }, { planet: 'Pluton', inhabited: false }, { upsert: true }, function (err, numReplaced, upsert) { // numReplaced = 1, upsert = true // A new document { _id: 'id5', planet: 'Pluton', inhabited: false } has been added to the collection }); // If you upsert with a modifier, the upserted doc is the query modified by the modifier db.update({ planet: 'Pluton' }, { $set: { inhabited: false } }, { upsert: true }, function () { // A new document { _id: 'id5', planet: 'Pluton', inhabited: false } has been added to the collection }); ``` ### Removing documents `db.remove(query, options, callback)` will remove all documents matching `query` according to `options` * `query` is the same as the ones used for finding and updating * `options` only one option for now: `multi` which allows the removal of multiple documents if set to true. Default is false * `callback` is optional, signature: err, numRemoved ```javascript // Let's use the same example collection as in the "finding document" part // Remove one document from the collection // options set to {} since the default for multi is false db.remove({ _id: 'id2' }, {}, function (err, numRemoved) { // numRemoved = 1 }); // Remove multiple documents db.remove({ system: 'solar' }, { multi: true }, function (err, numRemoved) { // numRemoved = 3 // All planets from the solar system were removed }); ``` ## Performance ### Speed It is pretty fast on the kind of datasets it is designed for (10,000 documents max). On my machine (3 years old, no SSD), with a collection containing 10,000 documents: * An insert takes 0.1ms * A read takes 5.7ms * An update takes 58ms * A deletion takes 57ms You can run the simple benchmarks I use by executing the scripts in the `benchmarks` folder. They all take an optional parameter which is the size of the dataset to use (default is 10,000). ### Memory footprint A copy of the whole database is kept in memory. This is not much on the expected (20MB for 10,000 2K documents). If requested, I'll introduce an option to not use this cache to decrease memory footprint (at the cost of a lower speed). ## Use in other services * connect-nedb-session is a session store for Connect and Express, backed by nedb * I'm planning on making an export tool to get all your data in an nedb database in a Mongo database ## License (The MIT License) Copyright (c) 2013 Louis Chatriot <louis.chatriot@gmail.com> Permission is hereby granted, free of charge, to any person obtaining a copy of this software and associated documentation files (the 'Software'), to deal in the Software without restriction, including without limitation the rights to use, copy, modify, merge, publish, distribute, sublicense, and/or sell copies of the Software, and to permit persons to whom the Software is furnished to do so, subject to the following conditions: The above copyright notice and this permission notice shall be included in all copies or substantial portions of the Software. THE SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED 'AS IS', WITHOUT WARRANTY OF ANY KIND, EXPRESS OR IMPLIED, INCLUDING BUT NOT LIMITED TO THE WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY, FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE AND NONINFRINGEMENT. IN NO EVENT SHALL THE AUTHORS OR COPYRIGHT HOLDERS BE LIABLE FOR ANY CLAIM, DAMAGES OR OTHER LIABILITY, WHETHER IN AN ACTION OF CONTRACT, TORT OR OTHERWISE, ARISING FROM, OUT OF OR IN CONNECTION WITH THE SOFTWARE OR THE USE OR OTHER DEALINGS IN THE SOFTWARE.