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480 lines
17 KiB
480 lines
17 KiB
19 years ago
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<!DOCTYPE html
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PUBLIC "-//W3C//DTD XHTML 1.0 Transitional//EN"
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"http://www.w3.org/TR/xhtml1/DTD/xhtml1-transitional.dtd">
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<html xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml" xml:lang="en" lang="en">
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<head>
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<title>File: README</title>
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<meta http-equiv="Content-Type" content="text/html; charset=iso-8859-1" />
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<meta http-equiv="Content-Script-Type" content="text/javascript" />
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<link rel="stylesheet" href=".././rdoc-style.css" type="text/css" media="screen" />
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<script type="text/javascript">
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// <![CDATA[
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elemStyle.display = "none"
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}
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// Make codeblocks hidden by default
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document.writeln( "<style type=\"text/css\">div.method-source-code { display: none }</style>" )
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// ]]>
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</script>
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</head>
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<body>
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<div id="fileHeader">
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<h1>README</h1>
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<table class="header-table">
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<tr class="top-aligned-row">
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<td><strong>Path:</strong></td>
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<td>README
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</td>
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</tr>
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<tr class="top-aligned-row">
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<td><strong>Last Update:</strong></td>
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<td>Sun May 28 15:19:38 E. Australia Standard Time 2006</td>
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</tr>
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</table>
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</div>
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<!-- banner header -->
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<div id="bodyContent">
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<div id="contextContent">
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<div id="description">
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<h1>About</h1>
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<h3>Preface</h3>
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<p>
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I originally started designing this on weekends and after work in 2005. We
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started to become very interested in Rails at work and I wanted to get some
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experience with ruby with before we started using it full-time. I
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didn’t have very many ideas for anything interesting to create so,
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because we write a lot of multilingual webapps at my company, I decided to
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write a localization library. That way if my little hobby project developed
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into something decent, I could at least put it to good use. And here we are
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in 2006, my little hobby project has come a long way and become quite a
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useful piece of software. Not only do I use it in production sites I write
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at work, but I also prefer it to other existing alternatives. Therefore I
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have decided to make it publicly available, and I hope that other
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developers will find it useful too.
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</p>
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<h3>About</h3>
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<p>
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<a href="../classes/GLoc.html">GLoc</a> is a localization library. It
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doesn’t aim to do everything l10n-related that you can imagine, but
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what it does, it does very well. It was originally designed as a Rails
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plugin, but can also be used for plain ruby projects. Here are a list of
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its main features:
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</p>
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<ul>
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<li>Lightweight and efficient.
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</li>
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<li>Uses file-based string bundles. Strings can also be set directly.
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</li>
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<li>Intelligent, cascading language configuration.
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</li>
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<li>Create flexible rules to handle issues such as pluralization.
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</li>
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<li>Includes a ActionController filter that auto-detects the client language.
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</li>
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<li>Works perfectly with Rails Engines and allows strings to be overridden just
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as easily as controllers, models, etc.
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</li>
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<li>Automatically localizes Rails functions such as distance_in_minutes,
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select_month etc
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</li>
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<li>Supports different charsets. You can even specify the encoding to use for
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each language seperately.
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</li>
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<li>Special Rails mods/helpers.
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</li>
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</ul>
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<h3>What does <a href="../classes/GLoc.html">GLoc</a> mean?</h3>
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<p>
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If you’re wondering about the name "<a
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href="../classes/GLoc.html">GLoc</a>", I’m sure you’re not
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alone. This project was originally just called "Localization"
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which was a bit too common, so when I decided to release it I decided to
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call it "Golly’s Localization Library" instead (Golly is my
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nickname), and that was long and boring so I then abbreviated that to
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"<a href="../classes/GLoc.html">GLoc</a>". What a fun story!!
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</p>
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<h3>Localization helpers</h3>
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<p>
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This also includes a few helpers for common situations such as displaying
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localized date, time, "yes" or "no", etc.
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</p>
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<h3>Rails Localization</h3>
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<p>
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At the moment, unless you manually remove the <tt>require
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‘gloc-rails-text’</tt> line from init.rb, this plugin overrides
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certain Rails functions to provide multilingual versions. This
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automatically localizes functions such as select_date(),
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distance_of_time_in_words() and more… The strings can be found in
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lang/*.yml. NOTE: This is not complete. Timezones and countries are not
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currently localized.
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</p>
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<h1>Usage</h1>
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<h3>Quickstart</h3>
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<p>
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Windows users will need to first install iconv. <a
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href="http://wiki.rubyonrails.com/rails/pages/iconv">wiki.rubyonrails.com/rails/pages/iconv</a>
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</p>
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<ul>
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<li>Create a dir "#{RAILS_ROOT}/lang"
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</li>
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<li>Create a file "#{RAILS_ROOT}/lang/en.yml" and write your strings.
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The format is "key: string". Save it as UTF-8. If you save it in
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a different encoding, add a key called file_charset (eg.
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"file_charset: iso-2022-jp")
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</li>
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<li>Put the following in config/environment.rb and change the values as you see
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fit. The following example is for an app that uses English and Japanese,
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with Japanese being the default.
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<pre>
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GLoc.set_config :default_language => :ja
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GLoc.clear_strings_except :en, :ja
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GLoc.set_kcode
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GLoc.load_localized_strings
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</pre>
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</li>
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<li>Add ‘include <a href="../classes/GLoc.html">GLoc</a>’ to all
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classes that will use localization. This is added to most Rails classes
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automatically.
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</li>
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<li>Optionally, you can set the language for models and controllers by simply
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inserting <tt>set_language :en</tt> in classes and/or methods.
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</li>
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<li>To use localized strings, replace text such as <tt>"Welcome"</tt>
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with <tt>l(:welcome_string_key)</tt>, and <tt>"Hello
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#{name}."</tt> with <tt>l(:hello_string_key, name)</tt>. (Of course
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the strings will need to exist in your string bundle.)
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</li>
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</ul>
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<p>
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There is more functionality provided by this plugin, that is not
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demonstrated above. Please read the API summary for details.
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</p>
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<h3>API summary</h3>
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<p>
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The following methods are added as both class methods and instance methods
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to modules/classes that include <a href="../classes/GLoc.html">GLoc</a>.
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They are also available as class methods of <a
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href="../classes/GLoc.html">GLoc</a>.
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</p>
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<pre>
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current_language # Returns the current language
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l(symbol, *arguments) # Returns a localized string
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ll(lang, symbol, *arguments) # Returns a localized string in a specific language
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ltry(possible_key) # Returns a localized string if passed a Symbol, else returns the same argument passed
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lwr(symbol, *arguments) # Uses the default rule to return a localized string.
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lwr_(rule, symbol, *arguments) # Uses a specified rule to return a localized string.
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l_has_string?(symbol) # Checks if a localized string exists
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set_language(language) # Sets the language for the current class or class instance
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set_language_if_valid(lang) # Sets the current language if the language passed is a valid language
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</pre>
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<p>
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The <a href="../classes/GLoc.html">GLoc</a> module also defines the
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following class methods:
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</p>
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<pre>
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add_localized_strings(lang, symbol_hash, override=true) # Adds a hash of localized strings
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backup_state(clear=false) # Creates a backup of GLoc's internal state and optionally clears everything too
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clear_strings(*languages) # Removes localized strings from memory
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clear_strings_except(*languages) # Removes localized strings from memory except for those of certain specified languages
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get_charset(lang) # Returns the charset used to store localized strings in memory
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get_config(key) # Returns a GLoc configuration value (see below)
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load_localized_strings(dir=nil, override=true) # Loads localized strings from all YML files in a given directory
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restore_state(state) # Restores a backup of GLoc's internal state
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set_charset(new_charset, *langs) # Sets the charset used to internally store localized strings
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set_config(hash) # Sets GLoc configuration values (see below)
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set_kcode(charset=nil) # Sets the $KCODE global variable
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similar_language(language) # Tries to find a valid language that is similar to the argument passed
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valid_languages # Returns an array of (currently) valid languages (ie. languages for which localized data exists)
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valid_language?(language) # Checks whether any localized strings are in memory for a given language
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</pre>
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<p>
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<a href="../classes/GLoc.html">GLoc</a> uses the following configuration
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items. They can be accessed via <tt>get_config</tt> and
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<tt>set_config</tt>.
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</p>
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<pre>
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:default_cookie_name
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:default_language
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:default_param_name
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:raise_string_not_found_errors
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:verbose
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</pre>
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<p>
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The <a href="../classes/GLoc.html">GLoc</a> module is automatically
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included in the following classes:
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</p>
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<pre>
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ActionController::Base
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ActionMailer::Base
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ActionView::Base
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ActionView::Helpers::InstanceTag
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ActiveRecord::Base
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ActiveRecord::Errors
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ApplicationHelper
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Test::Unit::TestCase
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</pre>
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<p>
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The <a href="../classes/GLoc.html">GLoc</a> module also defines the
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following controller filters:
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</p>
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<pre>
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autodetect_language_filter
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</pre>
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<p>
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<a href="../classes/GLoc.html">GLoc</a> also makes the following change to
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Rails:
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</p>
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<ul>
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<li>Views for ActionMailer are now #{view_name}_#{language}.rb rather than just
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#{view_name}.rb
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</li>
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<li>All ActiveRecord validation class methods now accept a localized string key
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(symbol) as a :message value.
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</li>
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<li><a
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href="../classes/ActiveRecord/Errors.html#M000039">ActiveRecord::Errors.add</a>
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now accepts symbols as valid message values. At runtime these symbols are
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converted to localized strings using the current_language of the base
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record.
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</li>
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<li><a
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href="../classes/ActiveRecord/Errors.html#M000039">ActiveRecord::Errors.add</a>
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now accepts arrays as arguments so that printf-style strings can be
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generated at runtime. This also applies to the validates_* class methods.
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<pre>
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Eg. validates_xxxxxx_of :name, :message => ['Your name must be at least %d characters.', MIN_LEN]
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Eg. validates_xxxxxx_of :name, :message => [:user_error_validation_name_too_short, MIN_LEN]
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</pre>
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</li>
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<li>Instances of ActiveView inherit their current_language from the controller
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(or mailer) creating them.
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</li>
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</ul>
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<p>
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This plugin also adds the following rake tasks:
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</p>
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<pre>
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* gloc:sort - Sorts the keys in the lang ymls (also accepts a DIR argument)
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</pre>
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<h3>Cascading language configuration</h3>
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<p>
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The language can be set at three levels:
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</p>
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<pre>
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1. The default # GLoc.get_config :default_language
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2. Class level # class A; set_language :de; end
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3. Instance level # b= B.new; b.set_language :zh
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</pre>
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<p>
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Instance level has the highest priority and the default has the lowest.
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</p>
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<p>
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Because <a href="../classes/GLoc.html">GLoc</a> is included at class level
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too, it becomes easy to associate languages with contexts. For example:
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</p>
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<pre>
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class Student
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set_language :en
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def say_hello
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puts "We say #{l :hello} but our teachers say #{Teacher.l :hello}"
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end
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end
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</pre>
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<h3>Rules</h3>
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<p>
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There are often situations when depending on the value of one or more
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variables, the surrounding text changes. The most common case of this is
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pluralization. Rather than hardcode these rules, they are completely
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definable by the user so that the user can eaasily accomodate for more
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complicated grammatical rules such as those found in Russian and Polish (or
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so I hear). To define a rule, simply include a string in the string bundle
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whose key begins with "<em>gloc_rule</em>" and then write ruby
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code as the value. The ruby code will be converted to a Proc when the
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string bundle is first read, and should return a prefix that will be
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appended to the string key at runtime to point to a new string. Make sense?
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Probably not… Please look at the following example and I am sure it
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will all make sense.
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</p>
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<p>
|
||
|
|
Simple example (string bundle / en.yml)
|
||
|
|
</p>
|
||
|
|
<pre>
|
||
|
|
_gloc_rule_default: ' |n| n==1 ? "_single" : "_plural" '
|
||
|
|
man_count_plural: There are %d men.
|
||
|
|
man_count_single: There is 1 man.
|
||
|
|
</pre>
|
||
|
|
<p>
|
||
|
|
Simple example (code)
|
||
|
|
</p>
|
||
|
|
<pre>
|
||
|
|
lwr(:man_count, 1) # => There is 1 man.
|
||
|
|
lwr(:man_count, 8) # => There are 8 men.
|
||
|
|
</pre>
|
||
|
|
<p>
|
||
|
|
To use rules other than the default simply call lwr_ instead of lwr, and
|
||
|
|
specify the rule.
|
||
|
|
</p>
|
||
|
|
<p>
|
||
|
|
Example 2 (string bundle / en.yml)
|
||
|
|
</p>
|
||
|
|
<pre>
|
||
|
|
_gloc_rule_default: ' |n| n==1 ? "_single" : "_plural" '
|
||
|
|
_gloc_rule_custom: ' |n| return "_none" if n==0; return "_heaps" if n>100; n==1 ? "_single" : "_plural" '
|
||
|
|
man_count_none: There are no men.
|
||
|
|
man_count_heaps: There are heaps of men!!
|
||
|
|
man_count_plural: There are %d men.
|
||
|
|
man_count_single: There is 1 man.
|
||
|
|
</pre>
|
||
|
|
<p>
|
||
|
|
Example 2 (code)
|
||
|
|
</p>
|
||
|
|
<pre>
|
||
|
|
lwr_(:custom, :man_count, 0) # => There are no men.
|
||
|
|
lwr_(:custom, :man_count, 1) # => There is 1 man.
|
||
|
|
lwr_(:custom, :man_count, 8) # => There are 8 men.
|
||
|
|
lwr_(:custom, :man_count, 150) # => There are heaps of men!!
|
||
|
|
</pre>
|
||
|
|
<h3>Helpers</h3>
|
||
|
|
<p>
|
||
|
|
<a href="../classes/GLoc.html">GLoc</a> includes the following helpers:
|
||
|
|
</p>
|
||
|
|
<pre>
|
||
|
|
l_age(age) # Returns a localized version of an age. eg "3 years old"
|
||
|
|
l_date(date) # Returns a date in a localized format
|
||
|
|
l_datetime(date) # Returns a date+time in a localized format
|
||
|
|
l_datetime_short(date) # Returns a date+time in a localized short format.
|
||
|
|
l_lang_name(l,dl=nil) # Returns the name of a language (you must supply your own strings)
|
||
|
|
l_strftime(date,fmt) # Formats a date/time in a localized format.
|
||
|
|
l_time(date) # Returns a time in a localized format
|
||
|
|
l_YesNo(value) # Returns localized string of "Yes" or "No" depending on the arg
|
||
|
|
l_yesno(value) # Returns localized string of "yes" or "no" depending on the arg
|
||
|
|
</pre>
|
||
|
|
<h3>Rails localization</h3>
|
||
|
|
<p>
|
||
|
|
Not all of Rails is covered but the following functions are:
|
||
|
|
</p>
|
||
|
|
<pre>
|
||
|
|
distance_of_time_in_words
|
||
|
|
select_day
|
||
|
|
select_month
|
||
|
|
select_year
|
||
|
|
add_options
|
||
|
|
</pre>
|
||
|
|
<h1>FAQ</h1>
|
||
|
|
<h4>How do I use it in engines?</h4>
|
||
|
|
<p>
|
||
|
|
Simply put this in your init_engine.rb
|
||
|
|
</p>
|
||
|
|
<pre>
|
||
|
|
GLoc.load_localized_strings File.join(File.dirname(__FILE__),'lang')
|
||
|
|
</pre>
|
||
|
|
<p>
|
||
|
|
That way your engines strings will be loaded when the engine is started.
|
||
|
|
Just simply make sure that you load your application strings after you
|
||
|
|
start your engines to safely override any engine strings.
|
||
|
|
</p>
|
||
|
|
<h4>Why am I getting an Iconv::IllegalSequence error when calling <a href="../classes/GLoc.html#M000013">GLoc.set_charset</a>?</h4>
|
||
|
|
<p>
|
||
|
|
By default <a href="../classes/GLoc.html">GLoc</a> loads all of its default
|
||
|
|
strings at startup. For example, calling <tt>set_charset
|
||
|
|
‘iso-2022-jp’</tt> will cause this error because Russian
|
||
|
|
strings are loaded by default, and the Russian strings use characters that
|
||
|
|
cannot be expressed in the ISO-2022-JP charset. Before calling
|
||
|
|
<tt>set_charset</tt> you should call <tt>clear_strings_except</tt> to
|
||
|
|
remove strings from any languages that you will not be using.
|
||
|
|
Alternatively, you can simply specify the language(s) as follows,
|
||
|
|
<tt>set_charset ‘iso-2022-jp’, :ja</tt>.
|
||
|
|
</p>
|
||
|
|
<h4>How do I make <a href="../classes/GLoc.html">GLoc</a> ignore StringNotFoundErrors?</h4>
|
||
|
|
<p>
|
||
|
|
Disable it as follows:
|
||
|
|
</p>
|
||
|
|
<pre>
|
||
|
|
GLoc.set_config :raise_string_not_found_errors => false
|
||
|
|
</pre>
|
||
|
|
|
||
|
|
</div>
|
||
|
|
|
||
|
|
|
||
|
|
</div>
|
||
|
|
|
||
|
|
|
||
|
|
</div>
|
||
|
|
|
||
|
|
|
||
|
|
<!-- if includes -->
|
||
|
|
|
||
|
|
<div id="section">
|
||
|
|
|
||
|
|
|
||
|
|
|
||
|
|
|
||
|
|
|
||
|
|
|
||
|
|
|
||
|
|
|
||
|
|
<!-- if method_list -->
|
||
|
|
|
||
|
|
|
||
|
|
</div>
|
||
|
|
|
||
|
|
|
||
|
|
<div id="validator-badges">
|
||
|
|
<p><small><a href="http://validator.w3.org/check/referer">[Validate]</a></small></p>
|
||
|
|
</div>
|
||
|
|
|
||
|
|
</body>
|
||
|
|
</html>
|