mirror of https://github.com/hyperledger/besu
An enterprise-grade Java-based, Apache 2.0 licensed Ethereum client https://wiki.hyperledger.org/display/besu
You can not select more than 25 topics
Topics must start with a letter or number, can include dashes ('-') and can be up to 35 characters long.
129 lines
6.3 KiB
129 lines
6.3 KiB
description: Pantheon Clique Proof-of-Authority (PoA) consensus protocol implementation
|
|
path: blob/master/config/src/main/resources/
|
|
source: rinkeby.json
|
|
<!--- END of page meta data -->
|
|
|
|
*[vanity data]: Signers can include anything they like as vanity data.
|
|
|
|
# Clique
|
|
|
|
Pantheon implements the Clique Proof-of-Authority (PoA) consensus protocol. Clique is used by the
|
|
Rinkeby testnet and can be used for private networks.
|
|
|
|
In Clique networks, transactions and blocks are validated by approved accounts, known as signers.
|
|
Signers take turns to create the next block. Existing signers propose and vote to add or remove signers.
|
|
|
|
## Genesis File
|
|
|
|
To use Clique in a private network, Pantheon requires a Clique genesis file. When connecting to Rinkeby,
|
|
Pantheon uses the [`rinkeby.json`](https://github.com/PegaSysEng/pantheon/blob/master/config/src/main/resources/rinkeby.json)
|
|
genesis file in the `/pantheon/config/src/main/resources` directory.
|
|
|
|
A PoA genesis file defines properties specific to Clique:
|
|
|
|
!!! example "Example Clique Genesis File"
|
|
```json
|
|
{
|
|
"config":{
|
|
"chainId":1981,
|
|
"constantinoplefixblock": 0,
|
|
"clique":{
|
|
"blockperiodseconds":15,
|
|
"epochlength":30000
|
|
}
|
|
},
|
|
"coinbase":"0x0000000000000000000000000000000000000000",
|
|
"difficulty":"0x1",
|
|
"extraData":"0x000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000001a54556254bfa3db2daa7673435ec63649925c50000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000",
|
|
"gasLimit":"0xa00000",
|
|
"mixHash":"0x0000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000",
|
|
"nonce":"0x0",
|
|
"timestamp":"0x5c51a607",
|
|
"alloc": {},
|
|
"number":"0x0",
|
|
"gasUsed":"0x0",
|
|
"parentHash":"0x0000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000"
|
|
}
|
|
```
|
|
|
|
The properties specific to Clique are:
|
|
|
|
* `blockperiodseconds` - Block time in seconds.
|
|
* `epochlength` - Number of blocks after which to reset all votes.
|
|
* `extraData` - Initial signers are specified after the 32 bytes reserved for vanity data.
|
|
|
|
### Extra Data
|
|
|
|
The `extraData` field consists of:
|
|
|
|
* 0x prefix
|
|
* 32 bytes (64 hex characters) of vanity data
|
|
* Concatenated list of initial signer addresses. 20 bytes (40 hex characters) for each signer. At least one
|
|
initial signer must be specified.
|
|
* 65 bytes (130 hex characters) for proposer signature. In the genesis block there is no initial proproser so the proproser signature is all zeros.
|
|
|
|
!!! example "One Initial Signer"
|
|
`extraData` field for a Clique network with one initial signer with an address of `dd37f65db31c107f773e82a4f85c693058fef7a9`
|
|
|
|
`0x0000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000dd37f65db31c107f773e82a4f85c693058fef7a90000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000`
|
|
|
|
!!! example "Two Initial Signers"
|
|
`extraData` field for a Clique network with two initial signers with addresses of `dd37f65db31c107f773e82a4f85c693058fef7a9` and `b9b81ee349c3807e46bc71aa2632203c5b462034`.
|
|
|
|
`0x0000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000dd37f65db31c107f773e82a4f85c693058fef7a9b9b81ee349c3807e46bc71aa2632203c5b4620340000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000`
|
|
|
|
## Connecting to Clique Network
|
|
|
|
To connect to the Rinkeby testnet, start Pantheon with the [`--network=rinkeby`](../Reference/Pantheon-CLI-Syntax.md#network)
|
|
command line option. To start a node on a Clique private network, use the
|
|
[`--genesis-file`](../Reference/Pantheon-CLI-Syntax.md#genesis-file) option to specify the custom genesis file.
|
|
|
|
## Adding and Removing Signers
|
|
|
|
To propose adding or removing signers using the JSON-RPC methods, enable the HTTP interface
|
|
using [`--rpc-http-enabled`](../Reference/Pantheon-CLI-Syntax.md#rpc-http-enabled) or WebSockets interface using
|
|
[`--rpc-ws-enabled`](../Reference/Pantheon-CLI-Syntax.md#rpc-ws-enabled).
|
|
|
|
The Clique API methods are not enabled by default. To enable, specify the [`--rpc-http-api`](../Reference/Pantheon-CLI-Syntax.md#rpc-http-api)
|
|
or [`--rpc-ws-api`](../Reference/Pantheon-CLI-Syntax.md#rpc-ws-api) option and include `CLIQUE`.
|
|
|
|
The JSON-RPC methods to add or remove signers are:
|
|
|
|
* [clique_propose](../Reference/JSON-RPC-API-Methods.md#clique_propose)
|
|
* [clique_getSigners](../Reference/JSON-RPC-API-Methods.md#clique_getsigners)
|
|
* [clique_discard](../Reference/JSON-RPC-API-Methods.md#clique_discard)
|
|
|
|
To propose adding a signer, call `clique_propose` specifying the address of the proposed signer and `true`.
|
|
!!! example "JSON-RPC clique_propose Request Example"
|
|
```bash
|
|
curl -X POST --data '{"jsonrpc":"2.0","method":"clique_propose","params":["0xFE3B557E8Fb62b89F4916B721be55cEb828dBd73", true], "id":1}' <JSON-RPC-endpoint:port>
|
|
```
|
|
|
|
When the next block is created by the signer, a vote is added to the block for the proposed signer.
|
|
|
|
When more than half of the existing signers propose adding the signer and their votes have been
|
|
distributed in blocks, the signer is added and can begin signing blocks.
|
|
|
|
Use `clique_getSigners` to return a list of the signers and to confirm that your proposed signer has
|
|
been added.
|
|
!!! example "JSON-RPC clique_getSigners Request Example"
|
|
```bash
|
|
curl -X POST --data '{"jsonrpc":"2.0","method":"clique_getSigners","params":["latest"], "id":1}' <JSON-RPC-endpoint:port>
|
|
```
|
|
|
|
To discard your proposal after confirming the signer was added, call `clique_discard` specifying the address of the proposed signer.
|
|
!!! example "JSON-RPC clique_discard Request Example"
|
|
```bash
|
|
curl -X POST --data '{"jsonrpc":"2.0","method":"clique_discard","params":["0xFE3B557E8Fb62b89F4916B721be55cEb828dBd73"], "id":1}' <JSON-RPC-endpoint:port>
|
|
```
|
|
|
|
The process for removing a signer is the same as adding a signer except you specify `false` as the
|
|
second parameter of `clique_propose`.
|
|
|
|
### Epoch Transition
|
|
|
|
At each epoch transition, all pending votes collected from received blocks are discarded.
|
|
Existing proposals remain in effect and signers re-add their vote the next time they create a block.
|
|
|
|
Define the number of blocks between epoch transitions in the genesis file.
|
|
|
|
|