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An enterprise-grade Java-based, Apache 2.0 licensed Ethereum client https://wiki.hyperledger.org/display/besu
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436 lines
16 KiB
description: Pantheon private network quickstart tutorial
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<!--- END of page meta data -->
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# Private Network Quickstart Tutorial
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The Private Network Quickstart uses the Pantheon Docker image to run a private network of Pantheon nodes managed by Docker Compose.
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!!! important
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The Private Network Quickstart runs a private network suitable for education or demonstration purposes.
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The Private Network Quickstart is not intended for running production networks.
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## Prerequisites
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To run this tutorial, you must have the following installed:
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- MacOS or Linux
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!!! important
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The Private Network Quickstart is not supported on Windows. If using Windows, run the quickstart
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inside a Linux VM such as Ubuntu.
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- [Docker and Docker-compose](https://docs.docker.com/compose/install/)
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- [Git command line](https://git-scm.com/)
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- [Curl command line](https://curl.haxx.se/download.html)
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- A web browser that supports [Metamask](https://metamask.io/) (currently Chrome, Firefox, Opera, and Brave), and has
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the MetaMask plug-in installed. This tutorial uses screenshots from Brave.
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## Clone Pantheon Quickstart Source Code
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Clone the repository from the `pantheon-quickstart` with the version matching Pantheon version, currently `{{ versions.quickstart }}`:
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```bash tab="Linux/MacOS"
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git clone --branch {{ versions.quickstart }} https://github.com/PegaSysEng/pantheon-quickstart.git
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```
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## Build Docker Images and Start Services and Network
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This tutorial uses [Docker Compose](https://docs.docker.com/compose/) to assemble the images and
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run the private network. To build the docker images and run the containers, go to the `pantheon-quickstart` directory and run:
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```bash tab="Linux/MacOS"
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./run.sh
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```
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The `run.sh` script builds the images, and runs the containers. It also scales the regular node
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container to four containers to simulate a network with enough peers to synchronize.
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When the process ends, it lists the running services:
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!!! example "Docker-compose services list example"
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```log
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*************************************
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Pantheon Quickstart {{ versions.quickstart }}
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*************************************
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List endpoints and services
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----------------------------------
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Name Command State Ports
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-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
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quickstart_bootnode_1 /opt/pantheon/bootnode_sta ... Up 30303/tcp, 8545/tcp, 8546/tcp
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quickstart_explorer_1 nginx -g daemon off; Up 0.0.0.0:32770->80/tcp
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quickstart_minernode_1 /opt/pantheon/node_start.s ... Up 30303/tcp, 8545/tcp, 8546/tcp
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quickstart_node_1 /opt/pantheon/node_start.s ... Up 30303/tcp, 8545/tcp, 8546/tcp
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quickstart_node_2 /opt/pantheon/node_start.s ... Up 30303/tcp, 8545/tcp, 8546/tcp
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quickstart_node_3 /opt/pantheon/node_start.s ... Up 30303/tcp, 8545/tcp, 8546/tcp
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quickstart_node_4 /opt/pantheon/node_start.s ... Up 30303/tcp, 8545/tcp, 8546/tcp
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quickstart_rpcnode_1 /opt/pantheon/node_start.s ... Up 30303/tcp, 0.0.0.0:32769->8545/tcp, 0.0.0.0:32768->8546/tcp
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```
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Followed by a list of the endpoints:
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!!! example "Endpoint list example"
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```log
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****************************************************************
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JSON-RPC HTTP service endpoint : http://localhost:32770/jsonrpc *
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JSON-RPC WebSocket service endpoint : ws://localhost:32770/jsonws *
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Web block explorer address : http://localhost:32770 *
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****************************************************************
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```
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- Use the **JSON-RPC HTTP service endpoint** to access the RPC node service from your Dapp or from cryptocurrency
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wallets such as Metamask.
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- Use the **JSON-RPC WebSocket service endpoint** to access the web socket node service from your Dapp.
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- Use the **Web block explorer address** to display the block explorer web application. View the block explorer by
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entering the URL in your web browser.
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To display the list of endpoints again, run:
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```bash tab="Linux/MacOS"
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./list.sh
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```
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## Block Explorer
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This tutorial uses the [Alethio](https://aleth.io/) light block explorer.
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### Run the Block Explorer
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Access the explorer by copying and pasting the `Web block explorer address` displayed when starting the private network
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to your browser.
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The block explorer displays a summary of the private network:
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Notice that the explorer indicates 6 peers: the 4 regular nodes, the mining node and the bootnode.
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Click the block number to the right of **Best Block** to display the block details:
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You can explore blocks by clicking on the blocks under **Bk** on the left-hand side.
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You can search for a specific block, transaction hash, or address by clicking the magnifying glass in the top left-hand corner.
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## Run JSON-RPC Requests
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You can run RPC requests on `rpcnode`, the node exposed to the host in order to listen for requests. This tutorial uses
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[cURL](https://curl.haxx.se/download.html) to make JSON-RPC requests.
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For the RPC URL, this tutorial uses the placeholder `<http-rpc-endpoint>`. When you run the tutorial,
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replace this placeholder with the JSON-RPC HTTP service endpoint provided when you list the endpoints. (For example,
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`http://localhost:32770/jsonrpc`.) The dynamic docker port mapping changes each time you run the network.
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### Requesting the Node Version
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Run the following command from the host shell:
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```bash
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curl -X POST --data '{"jsonrpc":"2.0","method":"web3_clientVersion","params":[],"id":1}' <http-rpc-endpoint>
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```
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The result specifies the client version:
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```json
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{
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"jsonrpc" : "2.0",
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"id" : 1,
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"result" : "pantheon/{{ versions.pantheon_stable }}"
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}
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```
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Here we simply query the version of the Pantheon node, which confirms the node is running.
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Successfully calling this method shows that you can connect to the nodes via RPC. From here, you can walk through more
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interesting requests demonstrated in the rest of this section, or skip ahead to
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[Creating a Transaction Using MetaMask](#creating-a-transaction-using-metamask).
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### Counting Peers
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Peers are the number of other nodes connected to the RPC node.
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Poll the peer count using `net_peerCount`:
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```bash
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curl -X POST --data '{"jsonrpc":"2.0","method":"net_peerCount","params":[],"id":1}' <http-rpc-endpoint>
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```
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The result indicates that there are 6 peers:
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```json
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{
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"jsonrpc" : "2.0",
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"id" : 1,
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"result" : "0x6"
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}
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```
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### Requesting the Most Recently Mined Block Number
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Call `eth_blockNumber` to retrieve the number of the most recent block:
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```bash
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curl -X POST --data '{"jsonrpc":"2.0","method":"eth_blockNumber","params":[],"id":1}' <http-rpc-endpoint>
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```
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The result provides the most recently mined block:
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```json
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{
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"jsonrpc" : "2.0",
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"id" : 1,
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"result" : "0x8b8"
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}
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```
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The hexadecimal value `0x8b8` translates to `2232` in decimal, the number of blocks that have been mined so far.
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### Checking the Miner Account Balance
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Call `eth_getBalance` to retrieve the balance of the mining address (coinbase) defined in the miner node:
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```bash
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curl -X POST --data '{"jsonrpc":"2.0","method":"eth_getBalance","params":["0xfe3b557e8fb62b89f4916b721be55ceb828dbd73","latest"],"id":1}' <http-rpc-endpoint>
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```
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The result specifies the miner account balance:
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```json
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{
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"jsonrpc" : "2.0",
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"id" : 1,
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"result" : "0x79f905c6fd34e80000"
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}
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```
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!!!info
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0x79f905c6fd34e80000 = 2250000000000000000000 Wei (2250 Ether).
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!!!tip
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Use a [unit converter](https://etherconverter.online/) to easily translate values from Wei to Ether.
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Wait several seconds until new blocks are mined and call `eth_getBalance` again. The balance increases, meaning the miner
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address successfully received the mining reward.
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You can also view this information in the block explorer. It does exactly the same thing as this call, connecting
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to the RPC node using HTTP JSON-RPC, and displaying information on a web page.
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## Creating a Transaction Using MetaMask
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Now let's use [MetaMask](https://metamask.io/) to send transactions.
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Before sending transactions, you need to create an account or use one of the accounts below created during the genesis
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of this private test network.
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{!global/test_accounts.md!}
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!!!note
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Pantheon doesn't implement [account management](../Using-Pantheon/Account-Management.md). To create your own account,
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you have to use a third-party tool such as MetaMask.
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After you sign in to MetaMask, connect to the private network RPC endpoint:
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1. In the MetaMask network list, select **Custom RPC**.
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1. In the **New RPC URL** field, enter the JSON-RPC HTTP service endpoint displayed when you started the private network.
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Save the configuration and return to the MetaMask main screen. Your current network is now set to the private network RPC node.
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[Import one of the existing accounts above into MetaMask](https://metamask.zendesk.com/hc/en-us/articles/360015489331-Importing-an-Account-New-UI-)
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using the corresponding private key.
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!!!note
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In this tutorial, we don't need to secure the keys, because we're using a private test network to send valueless
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Ether. However, be sure to secure your accounts in a real use case on the main Ethereum network (MainNet).
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Once this is done, [create another account from scratch](https://metamask.zendesk.com/hc/en-us/articles/360015289452-Creating-Additional-MetaMask-Wallets-New-UI-)
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to send Ether to.
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In MetaMask, select the new account and copy the account address by clicking the **...** gadget and selecting
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**Copy Address to clipboard**.
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In the block explorer, search for the new account by clicking on the magnifying glass and pasting the account address
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into the search box. The account is displayed with a zero balance.
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[Send Ether](https://metamask.zendesk.com/hc/en-us/articles/360015488991-Sending-Ether-New-UI-) from the first account
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(containing ether) to the new one (which has a zero balance).
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Refresh the browser page that displays the new account. The updated balance is displayed and reflects the transaction
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completed using MetaMask.
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## Truffle Pet Shop Tutorial
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With a few modifications, we can use the private network in this tutorial as the blockchain for the
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[PetShop tutorial on Truffle website](https://truffleframework.com/tutorials/pet-shop).
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#### Prerequisites
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* [Node.js v6+ LTS and npm](https://nodejs.org/en/) (comes with Node)
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#### Install Truffle and Unpack Truffle Box
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Install Truffle :
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```bash
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npm install -g truffle
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```
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!!! note
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`npm` requires `sudo` on Linux.
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Create a `pet-shop-tutorial` directory and move into it:
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```bash
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mkdir pet-shop-tutorial
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cd pet-shop-tutorial
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```
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Unpack Pet Shop [Truffle box](https://truffleframework.com/boxes):
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`truffle unbox pet-shop`
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Install the [Truffle wallet](https://github.com/trufflesuite/truffle-hdwallet-provider):
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Note with Truffle 5, you must use a Web3 1.0 enabled wallet or the Truffle tasks will hang.
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```bash
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npm install --save truffle-hdwallet-provider@web3-one
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```
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!!!note
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`npm` requires `sudo` on Linux.
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#### Modify the Pet Shop Example
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Modify the `truffle-config.js` file in the `pet-shop-tutorial` directory to add our wallet provider. The following shows the
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code with placeholders to change as directed below:
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```javascript
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const PrivateKeyProvider = require("truffle-hdwallet-provider");
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const privateKey = "8f2a55949038a9610f50fb23b5883af3b4ecb3c3bb792cbcefbd1542c692be63";
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const privateKeyProvider = new PrivateKeyProvider(privateKey, "<YOUR HTTP RPC NODE ENDPOINT>");
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module.exports = {
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// See <http://truffleframework.com/docs/advanced/configuration>
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// for more about customizing your Truffle configuration!
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networks: {
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development: {
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host: "127.0.0.1",
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port: 7545,
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network_id: "*" // Match any network id
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},
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quickstartWallet: {
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provider: privateKeyProvider,
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network_id: "*"
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},
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}
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};
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```
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Replace `<YOUR HTTP RPC NODE ENDPOINT>` with your HTTP RPC node endpoint (for example, `http://localhost:32770/jsonrpc`).
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The private key is the miner address, which contains Ether.
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Once this is done, follow the [Truffle tutorial steps](https://truffleframework.com/tutorials/pet-shop#directory-structure)
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up to Step 3 in the [Migration section](https://truffleframework.com/tutorials/pet-shop#migration).
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We're using the private network instead of [Ganache](https://truffleframework.com/ganache), so skip steps 3, 4, and 5 in
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the [Migration section](https://truffleframework.com/tutorials/pet-shop#migration).
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In step 4, specify the private network:
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```bash
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truffle migrate --network quickstartWallet
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```
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Output similar to the following is displayed (your addresses will differ):
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```log
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Using network 'quickstartWallet'.
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Running migration: 1_initial_migration.js
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Deploying Migrations...
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... 0xfc1dbc1eaa14fa283c2c4415364579da0d195b3f2f2fefd7e0edb600a6235bdb
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Migrations: 0x9a3dbca554e9f6b9257aaa24010da8377c57c17e
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Saving successful migration to network...
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... 0x77cc6e9966b886fb74268f118b3ff44cf973d32b616ed4f050b3eabf0a31a30e
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Saving artifacts...
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Running migration: 2_deploy_contracts.js
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Deploying Adoption...
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... 0x5035fe3ea7dab1d81482acc1259450b8bf8fefecfbe1749212aca86dc765660a
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Adoption: 0x2e1f232a9439c3d459fceca0beef13acc8259dd8
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Saving successful migration to network...
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... 0xa7b5a36e0ebc9c25445ce29ff1339a19082d0dda516e5b72c06ee6b99a901ec0
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Saving artifacts...
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```
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Search for the deployed contracts and transactions in the block explorer using the addresses displayed in your output.
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Continue with the Truffle tutorial steps in the [Testing the smart contract](https://truffleframework.com/tutorials/pet-shop#testing-the-smart-contract) section.
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To run the tests in the [Running the tests](https://truffleframework.com/tutorials/pet-shop#running-the-tests) section,
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specify the private network:
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```bash
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truffle test --network quickstartWallet
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```
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Output similar to the following is displayed:
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```log
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Using network 'quickstartWallet'.
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Compiling ./contracts/Adoption.sol...
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Compiling ./test/TestAdoption.sol...
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Compiling truffle/Assert.sol...
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Compiling truffle/DeployedAddresses.sol...
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TestAdoption
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✓ testUserCanAdoptPet (2071ms)
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✓ testGetAdopterAddressByPetId (6070ms)
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✓ testGetAdopterAddressByPetIdInArray (6077ms)
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3 passing (37s)
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```
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Continue with the Truffle tutorial steps in the [Creating a user interface to interact with the smart contract](https://truffleframework.com/tutorials/pet-shop#creating-a-user-interface-to-interact-with-the-smart-contract) section.
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We've already connected the private network to MetaMask, so you can skip the [Installing and configuring MetaMask](https://truffleframework.com/tutorials/pet-shop#installing-and-configuring-metamask) section.
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Continue with the regular tutorial steps from the [Installing and configuring lite-server](https://truffleframework.com/tutorials/pet-shop#installing-and-configuring-lite-server)
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section and finish the tutorial.
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When you adopt pets in the browser and approve the transaction in MetaMask, you'll be able to see the transactions in the block explorer.
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## Stop / Restart Private Network without Removing Containers
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To shut down the private network without deleting the containers:
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```bash tab="Linux/MacOS"
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./stop.sh
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```
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This command stops the containers related to the services specified in the `docker-compose.yml` file.
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To restart the private network:
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```bash tab="Linux/MacOS"
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./start.sh
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```
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## Stop Private Network and Remove Containers
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To shut down the private network and delete all containers and images created during the quickstart:
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```bash tab="Linux/MacOS"
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./remove.sh
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```
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