besu/docs/Using-Pantheon/Transactions/Transactions.md

description: Some use cases of creating transactions on a Pantheon network

Creating and Sending Transactions

You can send signed transactions using the eth_sendRawTransaction JSON-RPC API method.

These examples describe how to create a signed raw transaction that can be passed to eth_sendRawTransaction.

!!!tip To avoid exposing your private keys, create signed transactions offline.

The examples use the following libraries to create signed transactions:

• web3.js
• ethereumjs

!!!info Other libraries (such as web3j or ethereumj) and tools (such as MyEtherWallet or MyCrypto) can also be used to create signed transactions.

Example Javascript scripts are provided to create signed raw transaction strings to:

• Send ether
• Deploy a contract

!!!attention Node.js must be installed to run these Javascript scripts.

You can use the example Javascript scripts to create and send raw transactions in the private network created by the Private Network Quickstart.

You must update the JSON-RPC endpoint in the examples to the endpoint for the private network displayed after running the run.sh script.

To create and display the transaction string, run the Javascript script.

$ node create_signed_raw_transaction.js

To send a signed transaction, run:

$ curl -X POST --data '{"jsonrpc":"2.0","method":"eth_sendRawTransaction","params":["raw_transaction_string"],"id":1}' <JSON-RPC-endpoint:port>

Where:

• raw_transaction_string is the signed raw transaction string displayed by the JS script.
• <JSON-RPC-endpoint:port> is the JSON-RPC endpoint.

!!!example bash $ curl -X POST --data '{"jsonrpc":"2.0","method":"eth_sendRawTransaction","params":["0xf86a808203e882520894f17f52151ebef6c7334fad080c5704d77216b732896c6b935b8bbd400000801ca08ce4a6c12f7f273321c5dc03910744f8fb11573fcce8140aa44486d385d22fb3a051f6bcc918bf3f12e06bfccfd1451bea5c517dffee0777ebd50caf177b17f383"],"id":1}' http://localhost:8545

All accounts and private keys in the examples are from the dev.json genesis file in the /pantheon/ethereum/core/src/main/resources directory.

Sending Ether

!!!example

The following is an example of JavaScript that displays a signed transaction string to send ether.

```javascript linenums="1"
const web3 = require('web3')
const ethTx = require('ethereumjs-tx')

// web3 initialization - must point to the HTTP JSON-RPC endpoint
const web3 = new Web3(new Web3.providers.HttpProvider('http://127.0.0.1:8545'))

// Sender address and private key
// Second acccount in dev.json genesis file
// Exclude 0x at the beginning of the private key
const addressFrom = '0x627306090abaB3A6e1400e9345bC60c78a8BEf57'
const privKey = Buffer.from('c87509a1c067bbde78beb793e6fa76530b6382a4c0241e5e4a9ec0a0f44dc0d3', 'hex')

// Receiver address and value to transfer
// Third account in dev.json genesis file
const addressTo = '0xf17f52151EbEF6C7334FAD080c5704D77216b732'
const valueInEther = 2000

// Get the address transaction count in order to specify the correct nonce
txnCount = web3.eth.getTransactionCount(addressFrom, "pending");

// Create the transaction object
var txObject = {
    nonce: web3.toHex(txnCount),
    gasPrice: web3.toHex(1000),
    gasLimit: web3.toHex(21000),
    to: addressTo,
    value: web3.toHex(web3.toWei(valueInEther, 'ether'))
};

// Sign the transaction with the private key
const tx = new ethTx(txObject);
tx.sign(privKey)

//Convert to raw transaction string
const serializedTx = tx.serialize();
const rawTxHex = '0x' + serializedTx.toString('hex');

console.log("Raw transaction string=" + rawTxHex)
```

Deploying a Contract

!!!example The following is an example of JavaScript that displays a signed raw transaction string to deploy a contract.

```javascript linenums="1"
const web3 = require('web3')
const ethTx = require('ethereumjs-tx')

// web3 initialization - must point to the HTTP JSON-RPC endpoint
const web3 = new Web3(new Web3.providers.HttpProvider('http://127.0.0.1:8545'))

// Deployer address and private key
// First account in the dev.json genesis file
const addressFrom = '0xFE3B557E8Fb62b89F4916B721be55cEb828dBd73'
const privKey = Buffer.from('8f2a55949038a9610f50fb23b5883af3b4ecb3c3bb792cbcefbd1542c692be63', 'hex')

// Compiled contract hash - can obtain from Remix by clicking the Details button in the Compile tab. 
// Compiled contract hash is value of data parameter in the WEB3DEPLOY section
const contractData = '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'

// Get the address transaction count in order to specify the correct nonce
txnCount = web3.eth.getTransactionCount(addressFrom, "pending");

var txObject = {
   nonce: web3.toHex(txnCount),
   gasPrice: web3.toHex(1000),
   gasLimit: web3.toHex(126165),
   data: contractData
};

const tx = new ethTx(txObject);
tx.sign(privKey)

const serializedTx = tx.serialize();
const rawTxHex = '0x' + serializedTx.toString('hex');

console.log("Raw transaction string=" + rawTxHex); 
```

eth_call or eth_sendRawTransaction

You can interact with contracts using eth_call or eth_sendRawTransaction.

eth_call	eth_sendRawTransaction
Read-only	Write
Invokes contract function locally	Broadcasts to network
Does not change state of blockchain	Updates blockchain (for example, transfers ether between accounts)
Does not consume gas	Requires gas
Synchronous	Asynchronous
Return value of contract function available immediately	Returns transaction hash only. Possible transaction may not be included in a block (for example, if the gas price is too low)