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An enterprise-grade Java-based, Apache 2.0 licensed Ethereum client https://wiki.hyperledger.org/display/besu
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158 lines
6.9 KiB
158 lines
6.9 KiB
description: Some use cases of creating transactions on a Pantheon network
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<!--- END of page meta data -->
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# Creating and Sending Transactions
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You can send signed transactions using the [`eth_sendRawTransaction`](../Reference/JSON-RPC-API-Methods.md#eth_sendrawtransaction) JSON-RPC API method.
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These examples describe how to create a signed raw transaction that can be passed to [`eth_sendRawTransaction`](../Reference/JSON-RPC-API-Methods.md#eth_sendrawtransaction).
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!!!tip
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To avoid exposing your private keys, create signed transactions offline.
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The examples use the following libraries to create signed transactions:
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* [web3.js](https://github.com/ethereum/web3.js/)
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* [ethereumjs](https://github.com/ethereumjs/ethereumjs-tx)
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!!!info
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Other libraries (such as [web3j](https://github.com/web3j/web3j) or [ethereumj](https://github.com/ethereum/ethereumj))
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and tools (such as [MyEtherWallet](https://kb.myetherwallet.com/offline/making-offline-transaction-on-myetherwallet.html)
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or [MyCrypto](https://mycrypto.com/)) can also be used to create signed transactions.
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Example Javascript scripts are provided to create signed raw transaction strings to:
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* [Send ether](#sending-ether)
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* [Deploy a contract](#deploying-a-contract)
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!!!attention
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[Node.js](https://nodejs.org/en/download/) must be installed to run these Javascript scripts.
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You can use the example Javascript scripts to create and send raw transactions in the private network created by the
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[Private Network Quickstart](../Tutorials/Private-Network-Quickstart.md).
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You must update the `JSON-RPC endpoint` in the examples to the endpoint for the private network displayed after running
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the `run.sh` script.
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To create and display the transaction string, run the Javascript script.
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```bash
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$ node create_signed_raw_transaction.js
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```
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To send a signed transaction, run:
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```bash
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$ curl -X POST --data '{"jsonrpc":"2.0","method":"eth_sendRawTransaction","params":["raw_transaction_string"],"id":1}' <JSON-RPC-endpoint:port>
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```
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Where:
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* `raw_transaction_string` is the signed raw transaction string displayed by the JS script.
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* `<JSON-RPC-endpoint:port>` is the JSON-RPC endpoint.
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!!!example
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```bash
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$ curl -X POST --data '{"jsonrpc":"2.0","method":"eth_sendRawTransaction","params":["0xf86a808203e882520894f17f52151ebef6c7334fad080c5704d77216b732896c6b935b8bbd400000801ca08ce4a6c12f7f273321c5dc03910744f8fb11573fcce8140aa44486d385d22fb3a051f6bcc918bf3f12e06bfccfd1451bea5c517dffee0777ebd50caf177b17f383"],"id":1}' http://localhost:8545
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```
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All accounts and private keys in the examples are from the `dev.json` genesis file in the `/pantheon/ethereum/core/src/main/resources` directory.
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## Sending Ether
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!!!example
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The following is an example of JavaScript that displays a signed transaction string to send ether.
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```javascript linenums="1"
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const web3 = require('web3')
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const ethTx = require('ethereumjs-tx')
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// web3 initialization - must point to the HTTP JSON-RPC endpoint
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const web3 = new Web3(new Web3.providers.HttpProvider('http://127.0.0.1:8545'))
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// Sender address and private key
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// Second acccount in dev.json genesis file
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// Exclude 0x at the beginning of the private key
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const addressFrom = '0x627306090abaB3A6e1400e9345bC60c78a8BEf57'
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const privKey = Buffer.from('c87509a1c067bbde78beb793e6fa76530b6382a4c0241e5e4a9ec0a0f44dc0d3', 'hex')
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// Receiver address and value to transfer
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// Third account in dev.json genesis file
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const addressTo = '0xf17f52151EbEF6C7334FAD080c5704D77216b732'
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const valueInEther = 2000
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// Get the address transaction count in order to specify the correct nonce
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txnCount = web3.eth.getTransactionCount(addressFrom, "pending");
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// Create the transaction object
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var txObject = {
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nonce: web3.toHex(txnCount),
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gasPrice: web3.toHex(1000),
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gasLimit: web3.toHex(21000),
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to: addressTo,
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value: web3.toHex(web3.toWei(valueInEther, 'ether'))
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};
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// Sign the transaction with the private key
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const tx = new ethTx(txObject);
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tx.sign(privKey)
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//Convert to raw transaction string
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const serializedTx = tx.serialize();
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const rawTxHex = '0x' + serializedTx.toString('hex');
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console.log("Raw transaction string=" + rawTxHex)
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```
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## Deploying a Contract
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!!!example
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The following is an example of JavaScript that displays a signed raw transaction string to deploy a contract.
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```javascript linenums="1"
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const web3 = require('web3')
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const ethTx = require('ethereumjs-tx')
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// web3 initialization - must point to the HTTP JSON-RPC endpoint
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const web3 = new Web3(new Web3.providers.HttpProvider('http://127.0.0.1:8545'))
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// Deployer address and private key
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// First account in the dev.json genesis file
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const addressFrom = '0xFE3B557E8Fb62b89F4916B721be55cEb828dBd73'
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const privKey = Buffer.from('8f2a55949038a9610f50fb23b5883af3b4ecb3c3bb792cbcefbd1542c692be63', 'hex')
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// Compiled contract hash - can obtain from Remix by clicking the Details button in the Compile tab.
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// Compiled contract hash is value of data parameter in the WEB3DEPLOY section
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const contractData = '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'
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// Get the address transaction count in order to specify the correct nonce
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txnCount = web3.eth.getTransactionCount(addressFrom, "pending");
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var txObject = {
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nonce: web3.toHex(txnCount),
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gasPrice: web3.toHex(1000),
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gasLimit: web3.toHex(126165),
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data: contractData
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};
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const tx = new ethTx(txObject);
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tx.sign(privKey)
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const serializedTx = tx.serialize();
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const rawTxHex = '0x' + serializedTx.toString('hex');
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console.log("Raw transaction string=" + rawTxHex);
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```
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## eth_call or eth_sendRawTransaction
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You can interact with contracts using [eth_call](../Reference/JSON-RPC-API-Methods.md#eth_call) or [eth_sendRawTransaction](../Reference/JSON-RPC-API-Methods.md#eth_sendrawtransaction).
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|eth_call | eth_sendRawTransaction |
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|--------|--------|
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|Read-only | Write
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| Invokes contract function locally | Broadcasts to network
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| Does not change state of blockchain | Updates blockchain (for example, transfers ether between accounts)
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| Does not consume gas | Requires gas
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| Synchronous | Asynchronous |
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| Return value of contract function available immediately| Returns transaction hash only. Possible transaction may not be included in a block (for example, if the gas price is too low)
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