:transactions :on_conflict required option for import_blocks

Because the repository transaction for a pending
`Explorer.Chain.Transaction`s could `COMMIT` after the repository
transaction for that same transaction being collated into a block,
writers, it is recommended to use `:nothing` for pending transactions
and `:replace_all` for collated transactions, so that collated
transactions win.

apps/explorer/lib/explorer/chain.ex

@@ -49,6 +49,7 @@ defmodule Explorer.Chain do
   @typep direction_option :: {:direction, direction}
   @typep inserted_after_option :: {:inserted_after, DateTime.t()}
   @typep necessity_by_association_option :: {:necessity_by_association, necessity_by_association}
+  @typep on_conflict_option :: {:on_conflict, :nothing | :replace_all}
   @typep pagination_option :: {:pagination, pagination}
   @typep paging_options :: {:paging_options, PagingOptions.t()}
   @typep params_option :: {:params, map()}
@@ -60,7 +61,7 @@ defmodule Explorer.Chain do
   @typep internal_transactions_option :: {:internal_transactions, [params_option | timeout_option]}
   @typep logs_option :: {:logs, [params_option | timeout_option]}
   @typep receipts_option :: {:receipts, [params_option | timeout_option]}
-  @typep transactions_option :: {:transactions, [params_option | timeout_option]}
+  @typep transactions_option :: {:transactions, [on_conflict_option | params_option | timeout_option]}
 
   @doc """
   `t:Explorer.Chain.InternalTransaction/0`s from `address`.
@@ -650,6 +651,7 @@ defmodule Explorer.Chain do
       ...>     ],
       ...>   ],
       ...>   transactions: [
+      ...>     on_conflict: :replace_all,
       ...>     params: [
       ...>       %{
       ...>         block_hash: "0xf6b4b8c88df3ebd252ec476328334dc026cf66606a84fb769b3d3cbccc8471bd",
@@ -874,6 +876,13 @@ defmodule Explorer.Chain do
     * `:timeout` - the timeout for the whole `c:Ecto.Repo.transaction/0` call.  Defaults to `#{@transaction_timeout}`
       milliseconds.
     * `:transactions`
+      * `:on_conflict` - Whether to do `:nothing` or `:replace_all` columns when there is a pre-existing transaction
+        with the same hash.
+
+        *NOTE*: Because the repository transaction for a pending `Explorer.Chain.Transaction`s could `COMMIT` after the
+        repository transaction for that same transaction being collated into a block, writers, it is recomended to use
+        `:nothing` for pending transactions and `:replace_all` for collated transactions, so that collated transactions
+        win.
       * `:params` - `list` of params for `Explorer.Chain.Transaction.changeset/2`.
       * `:timeout` - the timeout for inserting all transactions found in the params lists across all
         types. Defaults to `#{@insert_transactions_timeout}` milliseconds.
@@ -1878,12 +1887,13 @@ defmodule Explorer.Chain do
     {:ok, inserted}
   end
 
-  @spec insert_transactions([map()], [timeout_option | timestamps_option]) ::
+  @spec insert_transactions([map()], [on_conflict_option | timeout_option | timestamps_option]) ::
           {:ok, [Hash.t()]} | {:error, [Changeset.t()]}
   defp insert_transactions(changes_list, named_arguments)
        when is_list(changes_list) and is_list(named_arguments) do
     timestamps = Keyword.fetch!(named_arguments, :timestamps)
     timeout = Keyword.fetch!(named_arguments, :timeout)
+    on_conflict = Keyword.fetch!(named_arguments, :on_conflict)
 
     # order so that row ShareLocks are grabbed in a consistent order
     ordered_changes_list = Enum.sort_by(changes_list, & &1.hash)
@@ -1892,7 +1902,7 @@ defmodule Explorer.Chain do
       insert_changes_list(
         ordered_changes_list,
         conflict_target: :hash,
-        on_conflict: :replace_all,
+        on_conflict: on_conflict,
         for: Transaction,
         returning: [:hash],
         timeout: timeout,
@@ -1985,12 +1995,16 @@ defmodule Explorer.Chain do
        when is_map(ecto_schema_module_to_changes_list) and is_list(options) do
     case ecto_schema_module_to_changes_list do
       %{Transaction => transactions_changes} ->
+        # check required options as early as possible
+        transactions_options = Keyword.fetch!(options, :transactions)
+        on_conflict = Keyword.fetch!(transactions_options, :on_conflict)
         timestamps = Keyword.fetch!(options, :timestamps)
 
         Multi.run(multi, :transactions, fn _ ->
           insert_transactions(
             transactions_changes,
-            timeout: options[:transations][:timeout] || @insert_transactions_timeout,
+            on_conflict: on_conflict,
+            timeout: transactions_options[:timeout] || @insert_transactions_timeout,
             timestamps: timestamps
           )
         end)

apps/explorer/lib/explorer/indexer/block_fetcher.ex

@@ -279,7 +279,7 @@ defmodule Explorer.Indexer.BlockFetcher do
         blocks: [params: blocks],
         logs: [params: logs],
         receipts: [params: receipts],
-        transactions: [params: transactions_with_receipts]
+        transactions: [on_conflict: :replace_all, params: transactions_with_receipts]
       )
     else
       {step, {:error, reason}} ->