hyperlane-monorepo/solidity/contracts/token/README.md

Hyperlane Tokens and Warp Routes

This repo contains contracts and SDK tooling for Hyperlane-connected ERC20 and ERC721 tokens. The contracts herein can be used to create Hyperlane Warp Routes across different chains.

For instructions on deploying Warp Routes, see the deployment documentation and the Hyperlane CLI.

Warp Route Architecture

A Warp Route is a collection of TokenRouter contracts deployed across a set of Hyperlane chains. These contracts leverage the Router pattern to implement access control and routing logic for remote token transfers. These contracts send and receive Messages which encode payloads containing a transfer amount and recipient address.

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}}%%

graph LR
    subgraph "Ethereum"
        HYP_E[TokenRouter]
        style HYP_E fill:orange
        Mailbox_E[(Mailbox)]
    end

    subgraph "Polygon"
        HYP_P[TokenRouter]
        style HYP_P fill:orange
        Mailbox_P[(Mailbox)]
    end


    subgraph "Gnosis"
        HYP_G[TokenRouter]
        style HYP_G fill:orange
        Mailbox_G[(Mailbox)]
    end

    HYP_E -. "TokenMessage" .- HYP_P -. "TokenMessage" .- HYP_G

The Token Router contract comes in several flavors and a warp route can be composed of a combination of these flavors.

• Native - for warping native assets (e.g. ETH) from the canonical chain
• Collateral - for warping tokens, ERC20 or ERC721, from the canonical chain
• Synthetic - for representing tokens, Native/ERC20 or ERC721, on a non-canonical chain

Interchain Security Models

Warp routes are unique amongst token bridging solutions because they provide modular security. Because the TokenRouter implements the IMessageRecipient interface, it can be configured with a custom interchain security module. Please refer to the relevant guide to specifying interchain security modules on the Messaging API receive docs.

Remote Transfer Lifecycle Diagrams

To initiate a remote transfer, users call the TokenRouter.transferRemote function with the destination chain ID, recipient address, and transfer amount.

interface TokenRouter {
  function transferRemote(
    uint32 destination,
    bytes32 recipient,
    uint256 amount
  ) public returns (bytes32 messageId);
}

NOTE: The Relayer shown below must be compensated. Please refer to the details on paying for interchain gas.

Depending on the flavor of TokenRouter on the source and destination chain, this flow looks slightly different. The following diagrams illustrate these differences.

Transfer Alice's amount native ETH from Ethereum to Bob on Polygon

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graph TB
    Bob((Bob))
    style Bob fill:black
    Alice((Alice))
    style Alice fill:black

    Relayer([Relayer])

    subgraph "Ethereum"
        HYP_E[NativeTokenRouter]
        style HYP_E fill:orange
        Mailbox_E[(Mailbox)]
    end

    Alice == "transferRemote(Polygon, Bob, amount)\n{value: amount}" ==> HYP_E
    linkStyle 0 color:green;
    HYP_E -- "dispatch(Polygon, (Bob, amount))" --> Mailbox_E

    subgraph "Polygon"
        HYP_P[SyntheticTokenRouter]
        style HYP_P fill:orange
        Mailbox_P[(Mailbox)]
    end

    Mailbox_E -. "indexing" .-> Relayer

    Relayer == "process(Ethereum, (Bob, amount))" ==> Mailbox_P
    Mailbox_P -- "handle(Ethereum, (Bob, amount))" --> HYP_P

    HYP_E -. "router" .- HYP_P

    HYP_P -- "mint(Bob, amount)" --> Bob
    linkStyle 6 color:green;

Transfer Alice's ERC20 amount from Ethereum to Bob on Polygon

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}}%%

graph TB
    Alice((Alice))
    Bob((Bob))
    style Alice fill:black
    style Bob fill:black

    Relayer([Relayer])

    subgraph "Ethereum"
        Token_E[ERC20]
        style Token_E fill:green
        HYP_E[CollateralTokenRouter]
        style HYP_E fill:orange
        Mailbox_E[(Mailbox)]
    end

    Alice == "approve(CollateralTokenRouter, infinity)" ==> Token_E
    Alice == "transferRemote(Polygon, Bob, amount)" ==> HYP_E
    Token_E -- "transferFrom(Alice, amount)" --> HYP_E
    linkStyle 2 color:green;
    HYP_E -- "dispatch(Polygon, (Bob, amount))" --> Mailbox_E

    subgraph "Polygon"
        HYP_P[SyntheticRouter]
        style HYP_P fill:orange
        Mailbox_P[(Mailbox)]
    end

    Mailbox_E -. "indexing" .-> Relayer

    Relayer == "process(Ethereum, (Bob, amount))" ==> Mailbox_P
    Mailbox_P -- "handle(Ethereum, (Bob, amount))" --> HYP_P

    HYP_E -. "router" .- HYP_P
    HYP_P -- "mint(Bob, amount)" --> Bob
    linkStyle 8 color:green;

Transfer Alice's amount synthetic MATIC from Ethereum back to Bob as native MATIC on Polygon

%%{ init: {
  "theme": "neutral",
  "themeVariables": {
    "mainBkg": "#025AA1",
    "textColor": "white",
    "clusterBkg": "white"
  },
  "themeCSS": ".edgeLabel { color: black }"
}}%%

graph TB
    Bob((Bob))
    style Bob fill:black
    Alice((Alice))
    style Alice fill:black

    Relayer([Relayer])

    subgraph "Ethereum"
        HYP_E[SyntheticTokenRouter]
        style HYP_E fill:orange
        Mailbox_E[(Mailbox)]
    end

    Alice == "transferRemote(Polygon, Bob, amount)" ==> HYP_E
    Alice -- "burn(Alice, amount)" --> HYP_E
    linkStyle 1 color:green;
    HYP_E -- "dispatch(Polygon, (Bob, amount))" --> Mailbox_E

    subgraph "Polygon"
        HYP_P[NativeTokenRouter]
        style HYP_P fill:orange
        Mailbox_P[(Mailbox)]
    end

    Mailbox_E -. "indexing" .-> Relayer

    Relayer == "process(Ethereum, (Bob, amount))" ==> Mailbox_P
    Mailbox_P -- "handle(Ethereum, (Bob, amount))" --> HYP_P

    HYP_E -. "router" .- HYP_P
    HYP_P -- "transfer(){value: amount}" --> Bob
    linkStyle 7 color:green;

NOTE: ERC721 collateral variants are assumed to enumerable and metadata compliant.

Versions

Git Ref	Release Date	Notes
audit-v2-remediation	2023-02-15	Hyperlane V2 Audit remediation
main	~	Bleeding edge

Learn more

For more information, see the Hyperlane introduction documentation.