solidity-coverage/docs/faq.md

FAQ

Continuous Integration: installing Metacoin on TravisCI with Coveralls

Step 1: Create a metacoin project & install coverage tools

$ truffle init

# Install coverage dependencies
$ npm init
$ npm install --save-dev coveralls
$ npm install --save-dev solidity-coverage

Step 2: Add test and coverage scripts to the package.json:

"scripts": {
    "test": "truffle test",
    "coverage": "./node_modules/.bin/solidity-coverage"
},

Step 3: Create a .travis.yml:

sudo: required
dist: trusty
language: node_js
node_js:
  - '7'
install:
  - npm install -g truffle
  - npm install -g ethereumjs-testrpc
  - npm install
script:
  - npm test
before_script:
  - testrpc > /dev/null &
  - sleep 5
after_script:
  - npm run coverage && cat coverage/lcov.info | coveralls

NB: It's probably best practice to run coverage in CI as an after_script or in a parallel build rather than assume its equivalence to truffle test. Solidity-coverage's testrpc uses gasLimits far above the current blocklimit and rewrites your contracts in ways that might affect their behavior. It's also less robust than Truffle and may fail more frequently.

Step 4: Toggle the project on at Travis and Coveralls and push.

It should look like this

Appendix: Coveralls vs. Codecov

Codecov.io is another CI coverage provider (we use it for this project). They're very reliable, easy to integrate with and have a nice UI. Unfortunately we haven't found a way to get their reports to show branch coverage. Coveralls has excellent branch coverage reporting out of the box (see below).

Running out of gas

If you have hardcoded gas costs into your tests some of them may fail when using solidity-coverage. This is because the instrumentation process increases the gas costs for using the contracts, due to the extra events. If this is the case, then the coverage may be incomplete. To avoid this, using estimateGas to estimate your gas costs should be more resilient in most cases.

Example:

// Hardcoded Gas Call
MyContract.deployed().then(instance => {
  instance.claimTokens(0, {gasLimit: 3000000}).then(() => {
      assert(web3.eth.getBalance(instance.address).equals(new BigNumber('0')))
      done();
  })
});

// Using gas estimation
MyContract.deployed().then(instance => {
  const data = instance.contract.claimTokens.getData(0);
  const gasEstimate = web3.eth.estimateGas({to: instance.address, data: data});
  instance.claimTokens(0, {gasLimit: gasEstimate}).then(() => {
      assert(web3.eth.getBalance(instance.address).equals(new BigNumber('0')))
      done();
  })
});

Running out of memory (Locally and in CI)

(See issue #59). If your target contains dozens of contracts, you may run up against node's 1.7MB memory cap during the contract compilation step. This can be addressed by setting the testCommand option in .solcover.js as below:

testCommand: 'node --max-old-space-size=4096 ../node_modules/.bin/truffle test --network coverage'

Note the path: it reaches outside a temporarily generated coverageEnv folder to access a locally installed version of truffle in your root directory's node_modules.

Large projects may also hit their CI container memcap running coverage after unit tests. This can be addressed on TravisCI by adding sudo: required to the travis.yml, which raises the container's limit to 7.5MB (ProTip courtesy of @federicobond.

Running out of time (in mocha)

Truffle sets a default mocha timeout of 5 minutes. Because tests run slower under coverage, it's possible to hit this limit with a test that iterates hundreds of times before producing a result. Timeouts can be disabled by configuring the mocha option in truffle.js as below: (ProTip courtesy of @cag)

module.exports = {
    networks: {
        development: {
            host: "localhost",
            port: 8545,
            network_id: "*"
        },
        ...etc...
    },
    mocha: {
        enableTimeouts: false
    }
}

Using alongside HDWalletProvider

See Truffle issue #348. HDWalletProvider crashes solidity-coverage, so its constructor shouldn't be invoked while running this tool. One way around this is to instantiate the HDWallet conditionally in truffle.js:

var HDWalletProvider = require('truffle-hdwallet-provider');
var mnemonic = 'bark moss walnuts earth flames felt grateful dead sophia loren';

if (!process.env.SOLIDITY_COVERAGE){
  provider = new HDWalletProvider(mnemonic, 'https://ropsten.infura.io/')
}

module.exports = {
  networks:
    ropsten: {
      provider: provider,
      network_id: 3
    },
    coverage: {
      host: "localhost",
      network_id: "*",
      port: 8555,
      ...etc..
    }
    ...etc...

And set up an npm script to run the coverage tool like this:

"scripts": {
    "coverage": "SOLIDITY_COVERAGE=true ./node_modules/.bin/solidity-coverage"
},

Why has my branch coverage decreased? Why is assert being shown as a branch point?

assert and require check whether a condition is true or not. If it is, they allow execution to proceed. If not, they throw, and all changes are reverted. Indeed, prior to Solidity 0.4.10, when assert and require were introduced, this functionality was achieved by code that looked like

if (!x) throw;

rather than

require(x)

Clearly, the coverage should be the same in these situations, as the code is (functionally) identical. Older versions of solidity-coverage did not treat these as branch points, and they were not considered in the branch coverage filter. Newer versions do count these as branch points, so if your tests did not include failure scenarios for assert or require, you may see a decrease in your coverage figures when upgrading solidity-coverage.

If an assert or require is marked with an I in the coverage report, then during your tests the conditional is never true. If it is marked with an E, then it is never false.

Why are send and transfer throwing?

If you include contracts that have fallback function in the list of files to instrument and attempt to send or transfer to them, the methods will throw because the instrumentation consumes more gas than these methods allow. See the skipFiles option in the README to exclude these files and issue 118 for a more detailed discussion of this problem.

Running on windows

Since v0.2.6 it's possible to produce a report on Windows (thanks to @phiferd, who also maintains their own windows-compatible fork of solidity-coverage with other useful improvements). However, problems remain with the tool's internal launch of testrpc-sc so you should create a .solcover.js config file in your root directory and set the norpc option to true. Then follow the directions below for launching testrpc-sc on its own from the command line before running solidity-coverage itself.

Running testrpc-sc on its own

Sometimes its useful to launch testrpc-sc separately at the command line or with a script, after setting the norpc config option in .solcover.js to true:

If you installed using npm

$ ./node_modules/.bin/testrpc-sc <options>

If you installed using yarn

$ ./node_modules/ethereumjs-testrpc-sc/bin/testrpc        // v0.1.10 and below (testrpc v3.0.3)
$ ./node_modules/ethereumjs-testrpc-sc/build/cli.node.js  // All others (testrpc v4.0.1 +)