merge of 23.1.2 into release-23.1.x (#5323)

Signed-off-by: garyschulte <garyschulte@gmail.com>
2 years ago · e24bfdebea
parent 7c2d4eb272
commit e24bfdebea
227 changed files with 3988 additions and 4071 deletions
--- a/.circleci/config.yml
+++ b/.circleci/config.yml
@ -219,7 +219,7 @@ jobs:
      - capture_test_results

  acceptanceTests:
-    parallelism: 6
+    parallelism: 4
    executor: xl_machine_executor
    steps:
      - prepare
--- a/.github/issue_template.md
+++ b/.github/issue_template.md
@ -32,6 +32,7 @@ As an [Actor], I want [feature] so that [why].
 * Virtual Machine software & version: [`vmware -v`]
 * Docker Version: [`docker version`]
 * Cloud VM, type, size: [Amazon Web Services I3-large]
+* Consensus Client & Version if using Proof of Stake: [e.g. Teku, Lighthouse, Prysm, Nimbus, Lodestar]

 ### Smart contract information (If you're reporting an issue arising from deploying or calling a smart contract, please supply related information)
 * Solidity version [`solc --version`]
--- a/.github/pull_request_template.md
+++ b/.github/pull_request_template.md
@ -6,16 +6,3 @@
 ## Fixed Issue(s)
 <!-- Please link to fixed issue(s) here using format: fixes #<issue number> -->
 <!-- Example: "fixes #2" -->
-
-## Documentation
-
- [ ] I thought about documentation and added the `doc-change-required` label to this PR if
-    [updates are required](https://wiki.hyperledger.org/display/BESU/Documentation).
-
-## Acceptance Tests (Non Mainnet)
-
- [ ] I have considered running `./gradlew acceptanceTestNonMainnet` locally if my PR affects non-mainnet modules.
-
-## Changelog
-
- [ ] I thought about the changelog and included a [changelog update if required](https://wiki.hyperledger.org/display/BESU/Changelog).
--- a/.github/workflows/checks.yml
+++ b/.github/workflows/checks.yml
@ -4,10 +4,11 @@ on:
    branches: [ main ]
  pull_request:
  workflow_dispatch:
+  merge_group:

 jobs:
  spotless:
-    runs-on: ubuntu-latest
+    runs-on: [besu,Linux,self-hosted,X64]
    if: ${{ github.actor != 'dependabot[bot]' }}
    steps:
      - name: Checkout Repo
@ -21,7 +22,7 @@ jobs:
      - name: spotless
        run: ./gradlew --no-daemon --parallel clean spotlessCheck
  javadoc_17:
-    runs-on: ubuntu-latest
+    runs-on: [besu,Linux,self-hosted,X64]
    if: ${{ github.actor != 'dependabot[bot]' }}
    steps:
      - name: Checkout Repo
--- a/.github/workflows/codeql.yml
+++ b/.github/workflows/codeql.yml
@ -21,10 +21,11 @@ on:
      - '**/*.md'
      - '**/*.properties'
      - '**/*.txt'
+  merge_group:
 jobs:
  analyze:
    name: Analyze
-    runs-on: ubuntu-latest
+    runs-on: [besu,Linux,self-hosted,X64]
    permissions:
      actions: read
      contents: read
--- a/.github/workflows/dco-merge-group.yml
+++ b/.github/workflows/dco-merge-group.yml
@ -0,0 +1,10 @@
+name: dco
+on:
+  merge_group:
+
+jobs:
+  dco:
+    runs-on: [besu,Linux,self-hosted]
+    if: ${{ github.actor != 'dependabot[bot]' }}
+    steps:
+      - run: echo "This DCO job runs on merge_queue event and doesn't check PR contents"
--- a/.github/workflows/dco.yml
+++ b/.github/workflows/dco.yml
@ -5,9 +5,10 @@ on:

 jobs:
  dco:
-    runs-on: ubuntu-latest
+    runs-on: [besu,Linux,self-hosted]
    if: ${{ github.actor != 'dependabot[bot]' }}
    steps:
+      - run: echo "This DCO job runs on pull_request event and workflow_dispatch"
      - name: Get PR Commits
        id: 'get-pr-commits'
        uses: tim-actions/get-pr-commits@v1.2.0
--- a/.github/workflows/gradle-wrapper-validation.yml
+++ b/.github/workflows/gradle-wrapper-validation.yml
@ -1,11 +1,11 @@
 # SPDX-License-Identifier: Apache-2.0
 name: "Validate Gradle Wrapper"
-on: [push, pull_request]
+on: [push, pull_request, merge_group]

 jobs:
  validation:
    name: "Gradle Wrapper Validation"
-    runs-on: ubuntu-latest
+    runs-on: [besu,Linux,self-hosted]
    steps:
      - uses: actions/checkout@v2
      - uses: gradle/wrapper-validation-action@v1
--- a/.github/workflows/pr-checklist-on-open.yml
+++ b/.github/workflows/pr-checklist-on-open.yml
@ -0,0 +1,20 @@
+name: "comment on pr with checklist"
+on:
+  pull_request_target:
+    types: [ opened ]
+    branches: [ main ]
+jobs:
+  checklist:
+    name: "add checklist as a comment on newly opened PRs"
+    runs-on: [besu,Linux,self-hosted]
+    steps:
+      - uses: actions/github-script@v5
+        with:
+          github-token: ${{secrets.GITHUB_TOKEN}}
+          script: |
+            github.rest.issues.createComment({
+              issue_number: context.issue.number,
+              owner: context.repo.owner,
+              repo: context.repo.repo,
+              body: '- [ ] I thought about documentation and added the `doc-change-required` label to this PR if [updates are required](https://wiki.hyperledger.org/display/BESU/Documentation).\n- [ ] I have considered running `./gradlew acceptanceTestNonMainnet` locally if my PR affects non-mainnet modules.\n- [ ] I thought about the changelog and included a [changelog update if required](https://wiki.hyperledger.org/display/BESU/Changelog).'
+            })
--- a/.github/workflows/release.yml
+++ b/.github/workflows/release.yml
@ -4,7 +4,7 @@ on:
    types: released
 jobs:
  dockerPromoteX64:
-    runs-on: ubuntu-latest
+    runs-on: [besu,Linux,self-hosted]
    steps:
      - uses: actions/checkout@v3
      - uses: actions/setup-java@v3
--- a/.github/workflows/repolinter.yml
+++ b/.github/workflows/repolinter.yml
@ -12,10 +12,11 @@ on:
    branches:
      - master
      - main
+  merge_group:

 jobs:
  build:
-    runs-on: ubuntu-latest
+    runs-on: [besu,Linux,self-hosted,X64]
    container: ghcr.io/todogroup/repolinter:v0.10.1
    steps:
      - name: Checkout Code
--- a/.github/workflows/sonarcloud.yml
+++ b/.github/workflows/sonarcloud.yml
@ -0,0 +1,42 @@
+
+name: SonarCloud analysis
+
+on:
+  schedule:
+    # * is a special character in YAML so you have to quote this string
+    # expression evaluates to midnight on Tuesdays UTC
+    - cron:  '0 0 * * 2'
+
+permissions:
+  pull-requests: read # allows SonarCloud to decorate PRs with analysis results
+
+jobs:
+  Analysis:
+    runs-on: ubuntu-latest
+
+    steps:
+      - name: checkout
+        uses: actions/checkout@v3
+      - name: Set up JDK 17
+        uses: actions/setup-java@v3
+        with:
+          distribution: 'temurin'
+          java-version: '17'
+      - name: Cache SonarCloud packages
+        uses: actions/cache@v1
+        with:
+          path: ~/.sonar/cache
+          key: ${{ runner.os }}-sonar
+          restore-keys: ${{ runner.os }}-sonar
+      - name: Cache Gradle packages
+        uses: actions/cache@v1
+        with:
+          path: ~/.gradle/caches
+          key: ${{ runner.os }}-gradle-${{ hashFiles('**/*.gradle') }}
+          restore-keys: ${{ runner.os }}-gradle
+      - name: Build and analyze
+        env:
+          GITHUB_TOKEN: ${{ secrets.GITHUB_TOKEN }}  # Needed to get PR information, if any
+          SONAR_TOKEN: ${{ secrets.SONAR_TOKEN }}
+        run: ./gradlew build sonarqube --info
+
--- a/CHANGELOG.md
+++ b/CHANGELOG.md
@ -1,5 +1,23 @@
 # Changelog

+## 23.1.2
+This update is a mainnet-compatible Shanghai/Capella upgrade and is recommended for all Mainnet users.
+
+### Breaking Changes
+
+### Additions and Improvements
+- Schedule Shanghai (Shapella) fork for Mainnet [#5230](https://github.com/hyperledger/besu/pull/5230)
+- Increase default from 1000 to 5000 for `--rpc-max-logs-range` [#5209](https://github.com/hyperledger/besu/pull/5209)
+- Bonsai-safe refactor [#5123](https://github.com/hyperledger/besu/pull/5123)
+- Safe tracing [#5197](https://github.com/hyperledger/besu/pull/5197)
+
+### Bug Fixes
+- Persist backward sync status to support resuming across restarts [#5182](https://github.com/hyperledger/besu/pull/5182)
+
+### Download Links
+https://hyperledger.jfrog.io/hyperledger/besu-binaries/besu/23.1.2/besu-23.1.2.tar.gz / sha256: tba
+https://hyperledger.jfrog.io/hyperledger/besu-binaries/besu/23.1.2/besu-23.1.2.zip / sha256: tba
+
 ## 23.1.1
 This update is required for the Goerli Shanghai/Capella upgrade and recommended for all Mainnet users. If you use Besu on Goerli, update to 23.1.1. If you previously used 23.1.1-RC1, update to test 23.1.1 on Goerli. 

@ -16,8 +34,13 @@ This update is required for the Goerli Shanghai/Capella upgrade and recommended
 - Goerli configs for shapella [#5151](https://github.com/hyperledger/besu/pull/5151)

 ### Bug Fixes
- Fix engine_getPayloadV2 block value calculation https://github.com/hyperledger/besu/issues/5040
- Moves check for init code length before balance check https://github.com/hyperledger/besu/pull/5077
+- Fix engine_getPayloadV2 block value calculation [#5040](https://github.com/hyperledger/besu/issues/5040)
+- Moves check for init code length before balance check [#5077](https://github.com/hyperledger/besu/pull/5077)
+- Address concurrency problems with eth_call [#5179](https://github.com/hyperledger/besu/pull/5179)
+
+### Download Links
+https://hyperledger.jfrog.io/hyperledger/besu-binaries/besu/23.1.1/besu-23.1.1.tar.gz / sha256: 11c3e5cdbc06df16a690e7ee9f98eefa46848f9fa280824b6e4c896d88f6b975
+https://hyperledger.jfrog.io/hyperledger/besu-binaries/besu/23.1.1/besu-23.1.1.zip / sha256: afcf852f193adb8e82d187aa4f02e4669f12cc680270624d37101b94cf37adec

 ## 23.1.1-RC1
 ### Sepolia Shanghai Release aka Sepolia Shapella aka Shapolia
@ -33,15 +56,15 @@ Sepolia Shanghai hardfork scheduled for: **Tue Feb 28 2023 04:04:48 UTC**
 This release has everything from [23.1.0](https://github.com/hyperledger/besu/releases/tag/23.1.0) and in addition the following:

 ### Additions and Improvements
-* Add support for Shanghai in Sepolia https://github.com/hyperledger/besu/pull/5088
-* Add implementation for engine_getPayloadBodiesByRangeV1 and engine_getPayloadBodiesByHashV1 https://github.com/hyperledger/besu/pull/4980
-* If a PoS block creation repetition takes less than a configurable duration, then waits before next repetition https://github.com/hyperledger/besu/pull/5048
-* Allow other users to read the /opt/besu dir when using docker https://github.com/hyperledger/besu/pull/5092
-* Invalid params - add some error detail #5066
+- Add support for Shanghai in Sepolia https://github.com/hyperledger/besu/pull/5088
+- Add implementation for engine_getPayloadBodiesByRangeV1 and engine_getPayloadBodiesByHashV1 https://github.com/hyperledger/besu/pull/4980
+- If a PoS block creation repetition takes less than a configurable duration, then waits before next repetition https://github.com/hyperledger/besu/pull/5048
+- Allow other users to read the /opt/besu dir when using docker https://github.com/hyperledger/besu/pull/5092
+- Invalid params - add some error detail #5066

 ### Bug fixes
-* Fix engine_getPayloadV2 block value calculation https://github.com/hyperledger/besu/issues/5040
-* Moves check for init code length before balance check https://github.com/hyperledger/besu/pull/5077
+- Fix engine_getPayloadV2 block value calculation https://github.com/hyperledger/besu/issues/5040
+- Moves check for init code length before balance check https://github.com/hyperledger/besu/pull/5077

 ### Download Links
 https://hyperledger.jfrog.io/hyperledger/besu-binaries/besu/23.1.1-RC1/besu-23.1.1-RC1.tar.gz / sha256: 82cff41f3eace02006b0e670605848e0e77e045892f8fa9aad66cbd84a88221e
--- a/ISSUE_TEMPLATE.md
+++ b/ISSUE_TEMPLATE.md
--- a/PULL_REQUEST_TEMPLATE.md
+++ b/PULL_REQUEST_TEMPLATE.md
@ -1,39 +0,0 @@
-## Status
-**READY/IN DEVELOPMENT/HOLD**
-
-## Description
-A few sentences describing the overall goals of the pull request's commits.
-
-## Related PRs
-List related PRs against other branches:
-
-branch | PR
------ | ------
-other_pr_production | [link]()
-other_pr_master | [link]()
-
-
-## Todos
- [ ] Tests
- [ ] Documentation
-
-
-## Deploy Notes
-Notes regarding deployment the contained body of work.  These should note any
-db migrations, etc.
-
-## Steps to Test or Reproduce
-Outline the steps to test or reproduce the PR here.
-
-```sh
-git pull --prune
-git checkout <feature_branch>
-bundle; script/server
-```
-
-1. 
-
-## Impacted Areas in Application
-List general components of the application that this PR will affect:
-
-* 
--- a/acceptance-tests/test-plugins/src/main/java/org/hyperledger/besu/tests/acceptance/plugins/TestRpcEndpointServicePlugin.java
+++ b/acceptance-tests/test-plugins/src/main/java/org/hyperledger/besu/tests/acceptance/plugins/TestRpcEndpointServicePlugin.java
@ -28,6 +28,8 @@ import com.google.auto.service.AutoService;
@AutoService(BesuPlugin.class)
 public class TestRpcEndpointServicePlugin implements BesuPlugin {

+  private static final String NAMESPACE_ENABLED = "tests";
+  private static final String NAMESPACE_NOT_ENABLED = "notEnabled";
  private final AtomicReference<String> stringStorage = new AtomicReference<>("InitialValue");
  private final AtomicReference<Object[]> arrayStorage = new AtomicReference<>();

@ -54,13 +56,14 @@ public class TestRpcEndpointServicePlugin implements BesuPlugin {
        .getService(RpcEndpointService.class)
        .ifPresent(
            rpcEndpointService -> {
-              rpcEndpointService.registerRPCEndpoint("tests", "getValue", this::getValue);
-              rpcEndpointService.registerRPCEndpoint("tests", "setValue", this::setValue);
+              rpcEndpointService.registerRPCEndpoint(NAMESPACE_ENABLED, "getValue", this::getValue);
+              rpcEndpointService.registerRPCEndpoint(NAMESPACE_ENABLED, "setValue", this::setValue);
              rpcEndpointService.registerRPCEndpoint(
-                  "tests", "replaceValueList", this::replaceValueList);
+                  NAMESPACE_ENABLED, "replaceValueList", this::replaceValueList);
              rpcEndpointService.registerRPCEndpoint(
-                  "tests", "throwException", this::throwException);
-              rpcEndpointService.registerRPCEndpoint("notEnabled", "getValue", this::getValue);
+                  NAMESPACE_ENABLED, "throwException", this::throwException);
+              rpcEndpointService.registerRPCEndpoint(
+                  NAMESPACE_NOT_ENABLED, "getValue", this::getValue);
            });
  }

--- a/acceptance-tests/tests/src/test/java/org/hyperledger/besu/tests/acceptance/CreateAccountAcceptanceTest.java
+++ b/acceptance-tests/tests/src/test/java/org/hyperledger/besu/tests/acceptance/CreateAccountAcceptanceTest.java
@ -19,14 +19,14 @@ import org.hyperledger.besu.tests.acceptance.dsl.account.Account;
 import org.hyperledger.besu.tests.acceptance.dsl.blockchain.Amount;
 import org.hyperledger.besu.tests.acceptance.dsl.node.Node;

-import org.junit.Before;
-import org.junit.Test;
+import org.junit.jupiter.api.BeforeEach;
+import org.junit.jupiter.api.Test;

 public class CreateAccountAcceptanceTest extends AcceptanceTestBase {

  private Node minerNode;

-  @Before
+  @BeforeEach
  public void setUp() throws Exception {
    minerNode = besu.createMinerNode("minerNode");
    cluster.start(minerNode, besu.createArchiveNode("archiveNode"));
--- a/acceptance-tests/tests/src/test/java/org/hyperledger/besu/tests/acceptance/GossipTransactionAcceptanceTest.java
+++ b/acceptance-tests/tests/src/test/java/org/hyperledger/besu/tests/acceptance/GossipTransactionAcceptanceTest.java
@ -21,14 +21,14 @@ import org.hyperledger.besu.tests.acceptance.dsl.blockchain.Amount;
 import org.hyperledger.besu.tests.acceptance.dsl.node.Node;
 import org.hyperledger.besu.tests.acceptance.dsl.transaction.account.TransferTransaction;

-import org.junit.Before;
-import org.junit.Test;
+import org.junit.jupiter.api.BeforeEach;
+import org.junit.jupiter.api.Test;

 public class GossipTransactionAcceptanceTest extends AcceptanceTestBase {

  private Node archiveNode1;

-  @Before
+  @BeforeEach
  public void setUp() throws Exception {
    archiveNode1 = besu.createArchiveNode("archiveNode1");
    cluster.start(archiveNode1, besu.createArchiveNode("archiveNode2"));
--- a/acceptance-tests/tests/src/test/java/org/hyperledger/besu/tests/acceptance/LoggingTest.java
+++ b/acceptance-tests/tests/src/test/java/org/hyperledger/besu/tests/acceptance/LoggingTest.java
@ -0,0 +1,38 @@
+/*
+ * Copyright contributors to Hyperledger Besu
+ *
+ * Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License"); you may not use this file except in compliance with
+ * the License. You may obtain a copy of the License at
+ *
+ * http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+ *
+ * Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software distributed under the License is distributed on
+ * an "AS IS" BASIS, WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied. See the License for the
+ * specific language governing permissions and limitations under the License.
+ *
+ * SPDX-License-Identifier: Apache-2.0
+ */
+package org.hyperledger.besu.tests.acceptance;
+
+import static org.assertj.core.api.Assertions.assertThat;
+
+import org.hyperledger.besu.tests.acceptance.dsl.AcceptanceTestBase;
+import org.hyperledger.besu.tests.acceptance.dsl.node.BesuNode;
+
+import java.io.IOException;
+
+import org.junit.Test;
+
+public class LoggingTest extends AcceptanceTestBase {
+
+  @Test
+  public void testDefaultLoggingIsAtLeastInfo() throws IOException {
+    final BesuNode node = besu.createArchiveNode("logger");
+    cluster.startConsoleCapture();
+    cluster.runNodeStart(node);
+
+    node.verify(net.awaitPeerCount(0));
+
+    assertThat(cluster.getConsoleContents()).contains("| INFO  |");
+  }
+}
--- a/acceptance-tests/tests/src/test/java/org/hyperledger/besu/tests/acceptance/MetricsAcceptanceTest.java
+++ b/acceptance-tests/tests/src/test/java/org/hyperledger/besu/tests/acceptance/MetricsAcceptanceTest.java
@ -26,15 +26,15 @@ import okhttp3.Call;
 import okhttp3.OkHttpClient;
 import okhttp3.Request;
 import okhttp3.Response;
-import org.junit.Before;
-import org.junit.Test;
+import org.junit.jupiter.api.BeforeEach;
+import org.junit.jupiter.api.Test;

 public class MetricsAcceptanceTest extends AcceptanceTestBase {

  private BesuNode metricsNode;
  private OkHttpClient client;

-  @Before
+  @BeforeEach
  public void setUp() throws Exception {
    metricsNode =
        besu.create(
--- a/acceptance-tests/tests/src/test/java/org/hyperledger/besu/tests/acceptance/OpenTelemetryAcceptanceTest.java
+++ b/acceptance-tests/tests/src/test/java/org/hyperledger/besu/tests/acceptance/OpenTelemetryAcceptanceTest.java
@ -59,9 +59,9 @@ import okhttp3.OkHttpClient;
 import okhttp3.Request;
 import okhttp3.RequestBody;
 import okhttp3.Response;
-import org.junit.After;
-import org.junit.Before;
-import org.junit.Test;
+import org.junit.jupiter.api.AfterEach;
+import org.junit.jupiter.api.BeforeEach;
+import org.junit.jupiter.api.Test;

 public class OpenTelemetryAcceptanceTest extends AcceptanceTestBase {

@ -125,7 +125,7 @@ public class OpenTelemetryAcceptanceTest extends AcceptanceTestBase {

  private BesuNode metricsNode;

-  @Before
+  @BeforeEach
  public void setUp() throws Exception {
    System.setProperty("root.log.level", "DEBUG");
    Server server =
@ -163,7 +163,7 @@ public class OpenTelemetryAcceptanceTest extends AcceptanceTestBase {
    cluster.start(metricsNode);
  }

-  @After
+  @AfterEach
  public void tearDown() throws Exception {
    closer.close();
  }
--- a/acceptance-tests/tests/src/test/java/org/hyperledger/besu/tests/acceptance/RpcApisTogglesAcceptanceTest.java
+++ b/acceptance-tests/tests/src/test/java/org/hyperledger/besu/tests/acceptance/RpcApisTogglesAcceptanceTest.java
@ -22,8 +22,8 @@ import org.hyperledger.besu.tests.acceptance.dsl.AcceptanceTestBase;
 import org.hyperledger.besu.tests.acceptance.dsl.node.BesuNode;

 import org.java_websocket.exceptions.WebsocketNotConnectedException;
-import org.junit.Before;
-import org.junit.Test;
+import org.junit.jupiter.api.BeforeEach;
+import org.junit.jupiter.api.Test;

 public class RpcApisTogglesAcceptanceTest extends AcceptanceTestBase {

@ -31,7 +31,7 @@ public class RpcApisTogglesAcceptanceTest extends AcceptanceTestBase {
  private BesuNode rpcDisabledNode;
  private BesuNode ethApiDisabledNode;

-  @Before
+  @BeforeEach
  public void before() throws Exception {
    rpcEnabledNode = besu.createArchiveNode("rpc-enabled");
    rpcDisabledNode = besu.createArchiveNodeWithRpcDisabled("rpc-disabled");
--- a/acceptance-tests/tests/src/test/java/org/hyperledger/besu/tests/acceptance/RunHelpTest.java
+++ b/acceptance-tests/tests/src/test/java/org/hyperledger/besu/tests/acceptance/RunHelpTest.java
@ -22,7 +22,7 @@ import org.hyperledger.besu.tests.acceptance.dsl.node.BesuNode;

 import java.io.IOException;

-import org.junit.Test;
+import org.junit.jupiter.api.Test;

 public class RunHelpTest extends AcceptanceTestBase {

--- a/acceptance-tests/tests/src/test/java/org/hyperledger/besu/tests/acceptance/jsonrpc/AbstractJsonRpcTest.java
+++ b/acceptance-tests/tests/src/test/java/org/hyperledger/besu/tests/acceptance/jsonrpc/AbstractJsonRpcTest.java
@ -95,7 +95,10 @@ abstract class AbstractJsonRpcTest {
    final ObjectNode actualBody = JsonUtil.objectNodeFromString(response.body().string());
    final ObjectNode expectedBody =
        JsonUtil.objectNodeFromString(testCase.getResponse().toString());
-    assertThat(actualBody.toPrettyString()).isEqualTo(expectedBody.toPrettyString());
+    assertThat(actualBody)
+        .withFailMessage(
+            "%s\ndid not equal\n %s", actualBody.toPrettyString(), expectedBody.toPrettyString())
+        .isEqualTo(expectedBody);
  }

  private String getRpcUrl(final String rpcMethod) {
--- a/acceptance-tests/tests/src/test/java/org/hyperledger/besu/tests/acceptance/jsonrpc/DeploySmartContractAcceptanceTest.java
+++ b/acceptance-tests/tests/src/test/java/org/hyperledger/besu/tests/acceptance/jsonrpc/DeploySmartContractAcceptanceTest.java
@ -18,14 +18,14 @@ import org.hyperledger.besu.tests.acceptance.dsl.AcceptanceTestBase;
 import org.hyperledger.besu.tests.acceptance.dsl.node.BesuNode;
 import org.hyperledger.besu.tests.web3j.generated.SimpleStorage;

-import org.junit.Before;
-import org.junit.Test;
+import org.junit.jupiter.api.BeforeEach;
+import org.junit.jupiter.api.Test;

 public class DeploySmartContractAcceptanceTest extends AcceptanceTestBase {

  private BesuNode minerNode;

-  @Before
+  @BeforeEach
  public void setUp() throws Exception {
    minerNode = besu.createMinerNode("miner-node");
    cluster.start(minerNode);
--- a/acceptance-tests/tests/src/test/java/org/hyperledger/besu/tests/acceptance/jsonrpc/DeployTransactionAcceptanceTest.java
+++ b/acceptance-tests/tests/src/test/java/org/hyperledger/besu/tests/acceptance/jsonrpc/DeployTransactionAcceptanceTest.java
@ -19,15 +19,15 @@ import org.hyperledger.besu.tests.acceptance.dsl.AcceptanceTestBase;
 import org.hyperledger.besu.tests.acceptance.dsl.account.Account;
 import org.hyperledger.besu.tests.acceptance.dsl.node.BesuNode;

-import org.junit.Before;
-import org.junit.Test;
+import org.junit.jupiter.api.BeforeEach;
+import org.junit.jupiter.api.Test;

 public class DeployTransactionAcceptanceTest extends AcceptanceTestBase {

  private BesuNode minerNode;
  private Account recipient;

-  @Before
+  @BeforeEach
  public void setUp() throws Exception {
    recipient = accounts.createAccount("recipient");
    minerNode = besu.createMinerNode("node");
--- a/acceptance-tests/tests/src/test/java/org/hyperledger/besu/tests/acceptance/jsonrpc/EthGetWorkAcceptanceTest.java
+++ b/acceptance-tests/tests/src/test/java/org/hyperledger/besu/tests/acceptance/jsonrpc/EthGetWorkAcceptanceTest.java
@ -17,16 +17,16 @@ package org.hyperledger.besu.tests.acceptance.jsonrpc;
 import org.hyperledger.besu.tests.acceptance.dsl.AcceptanceTestBase;
 import org.hyperledger.besu.tests.acceptance.dsl.node.Node;

-import org.junit.Before;
-import org.junit.Ignore;
-import org.junit.Test;
+import org.junit.jupiter.api.BeforeEach;
+import org.junit.jupiter.api.Disabled;
+import org.junit.jupiter.api.Test;

 public class EthGetWorkAcceptanceTest extends AcceptanceTestBase {

  private Node minerNode;
  private Node fullNode;

-  @Before
+  @BeforeEach
  public void setUp() throws Exception {
    minerNode = besu.createMinerNode("node1");
    fullNode = besu.createArchiveNode("node2");
@ -34,7 +34,7 @@ public class EthGetWorkAcceptanceTest extends AcceptanceTestBase {
  }

  @Test
-  @Ignore("Genuinely Flakey")
+  @Disabled("Genuinely Flakey")
  public void shouldReturnSuccessResponseWhenMining() {
    minerNode.verify(eth.getWork());
  }
--- a/acceptance-tests/tests/src/test/java/org/hyperledger/besu/tests/acceptance/jsonrpc/EthSendRawTransactionTest.java
+++ b/acceptance-tests/tests/src/test/java/org/hyperledger/besu/tests/acceptance/jsonrpc/EthSendRawTransactionTest.java
@ -24,8 +24,8 @@ import org.hyperledger.besu.tests.acceptance.dsl.transaction.account.TransferTra
 import java.math.BigInteger;
 import java.util.function.UnaryOperator;

-import org.junit.Before;
-import org.junit.Test;
+import org.junit.jupiter.api.BeforeEach;
+import org.junit.jupiter.api.Test;

 public class EthSendRawTransactionTest extends AcceptanceTestBase {
  private static final long CHAIN_ID = 20211;
@ -36,7 +36,7 @@ public class EthSendRawTransactionTest extends AcceptanceTestBase {
  private Node strictNode;
  private Node miningNode;

-  @Before
+  @BeforeEach
  public void setUp() throws Exception {
    sender = accounts.getPrimaryBenefactor();

--- a/acceptance-tests/tests/src/test/java/org/hyperledger/besu/tests/acceptance/jsonrpc/EventEmitterAcceptanceTest.java
+++ b/acceptance-tests/tests/src/test/java/org/hyperledger/besu/tests/acceptance/jsonrpc/EventEmitterAcceptanceTest.java
@ -26,8 +26,8 @@ import java.util.concurrent.atomic.AtomicBoolean;

 import io.reactivex.Flowable;
 import io.reactivex.disposables.Disposable;
-import org.junit.Before;
-import org.junit.Test;
+import org.junit.jupiter.api.BeforeEach;
+import org.junit.jupiter.api.Test;
 import org.web3j.protocol.core.methods.request.EthFilter;
 import org.web3j.protocol.core.methods.response.TransactionReceipt;

@ -38,7 +38,7 @@ public class EventEmitterAcceptanceTest extends AcceptanceTestBase {

  private BesuNode node;

-  @Before
+  @BeforeEach
  public void setUp() throws Exception {
    node = besu.createMinerNode("node1");
    cluster.start(node);
--- a/acceptance-tests/tests/src/test/java/org/hyperledger/besu/tests/acceptance/jsonrpc/JsonRpcHttpAuthenticationAcceptanceTest.java
+++ b/acceptance-tests/tests/src/test/java/org/hyperledger/besu/tests/acceptance/jsonrpc/JsonRpcHttpAuthenticationAcceptanceTest.java
@ -25,8 +25,8 @@ import java.net.URISyntaxException;
 import java.util.Arrays;
 import java.util.List;

-import org.junit.Before;
-import org.junit.Test;
+import org.junit.jupiter.api.BeforeEach;
+import org.junit.jupiter.api.Test;

 public class JsonRpcHttpAuthenticationAcceptanceTest extends AcceptanceTestBase {
  private Cluster authenticatedCluster;
@ -52,7 +52,7 @@ public class JsonRpcHttpAuthenticationAcceptanceTest extends AcceptanceTestBase

  private static final List<String> NO_AUTH_API_METHODS = Arrays.asList("net_services");

-  @Before
+  @BeforeEach
  public void setUp() throws IOException, URISyntaxException {

    final ClusterConfiguration clusterConfiguration =
--- a/acceptance-tests/tests/src/test/java/org/hyperledger/besu/tests/acceptance/jsonrpc/JsonRpcWebsocketAuthenticationAcceptanceTest.java
+++ b/acceptance-tests/tests/src/test/java/org/hyperledger/besu/tests/acceptance/jsonrpc/JsonRpcWebsocketAuthenticationAcceptanceTest.java
@ -25,8 +25,8 @@ import java.net.URISyntaxException;
 import java.util.Arrays;
 import java.util.List;

-import org.junit.Before;
-import org.junit.Test;
+import org.junit.jupiter.api.BeforeEach;
+import org.junit.jupiter.api.Test;

 public class JsonRpcWebsocketAuthenticationAcceptanceTest extends AcceptanceTestBase {
  private BesuNode nodeUsingAuthFile;
@ -52,7 +52,7 @@ public class JsonRpcWebsocketAuthenticationAcceptanceTest extends AcceptanceTest
          + "c2lvbnMiOlsibmV0OnBlZXJDb3VudCJdfQ.pWXniN6XQ7G8b1nawy8sviPCMxrfbcI6c7UFzeXm26CMGMUEZxiC"
          + "JjRntB8ueuZcsxnGlEhCHt-KngpFEmx5TA";

-  @Before
+  @BeforeEach
  public void setUp() throws IOException, URISyntaxException {
    final ClusterConfiguration clusterConfiguration =
        new ClusterConfigurationBuilder().awaitPeerDiscovery(false).build();
--- a/acceptance-tests/tests/src/test/java/org/hyperledger/besu/tests/acceptance/jsonrpc/NetServicesAcceptanceTest.java
+++ b/acceptance-tests/tests/src/test/java/org/hyperledger/besu/tests/acceptance/jsonrpc/NetServicesAcceptanceTest.java
@ -20,9 +20,9 @@ import org.hyperledger.besu.tests.acceptance.dsl.node.cluster.Cluster;
 import org.hyperledger.besu.tests.acceptance.dsl.node.cluster.ClusterConfiguration;
 import org.hyperledger.besu.tests.acceptance.dsl.node.cluster.ClusterConfigurationBuilder;

-import org.junit.After;
-import org.junit.Before;
-import org.junit.Test;
+import org.junit.jupiter.api.AfterEach;
+import org.junit.jupiter.api.BeforeEach;
+import org.junit.jupiter.api.Test;

 public class NetServicesAcceptanceTest extends AcceptanceTestBase {

@ -31,7 +31,7 @@ public class NetServicesAcceptanceTest extends AcceptanceTestBase {
  private Node nodeA;
  private Node nodeB;

-  @Before
+  @BeforeEach
  public void setup() {
    final ClusterConfiguration clusterConfiguration =
        new ClusterConfigurationBuilder().awaitPeerDiscovery(false).build();
@ -58,7 +58,7 @@ public class NetServicesAcceptanceTest extends AcceptanceTestBase {
    nodeB.verify(net.netServicesOnlyJsonRpcEnabled());
  }

-  @After
+  @AfterEach
  public void closeDown() throws Exception {
    noDiscoveryCluster.close();
  }
--- a/acceptance-tests/tests/src/test/java/org/hyperledger/besu/tests/acceptance/jsonrpc/RevertReasonAcceptanceTest.java
+++ b/acceptance-tests/tests/src/test/java/org/hyperledger/besu/tests/acceptance/jsonrpc/RevertReasonAcceptanceTest.java
@ -21,15 +21,15 @@ import org.hyperledger.besu.tests.acceptance.dsl.AcceptanceTestBase;
 import org.hyperledger.besu.tests.acceptance.dsl.node.BesuNode;
 import org.hyperledger.besu.tests.web3j.generated.RevertReason;

-import org.junit.Before;
-import org.junit.Test;
+import org.junit.jupiter.api.BeforeEach;
+import org.junit.jupiter.api.Test;
 import org.web3j.protocol.core.methods.response.EthSendTransaction;

 public class RevertReasonAcceptanceTest extends AcceptanceTestBase {

  private BesuNode minerNode;

-  @Before
+  @BeforeEach
  public void setUp() throws Exception {
    minerNode = besu.createMinerNodeWithRevertReasonEnabled("miner-node-withRevertReason");
    cluster.start(minerNode);
--- a/acceptance-tests/tests/src/test/java/org/hyperledger/besu/tests/acceptance/jsonrpc/Web3Sha3AcceptanceTest.java
+++ b/acceptance-tests/tests/src/test/java/org/hyperledger/besu/tests/acceptance/jsonrpc/Web3Sha3AcceptanceTest.java
@ -17,14 +17,14 @@ package org.hyperledger.besu.tests.acceptance.jsonrpc;
 import org.hyperledger.besu.tests.acceptance.dsl.AcceptanceTestBase;
 import org.hyperledger.besu.tests.acceptance.dsl.node.Node;

-import org.junit.Before;
-import org.junit.Test;
+import org.junit.jupiter.api.BeforeEach;
+import org.junit.jupiter.api.Test;

 public class Web3Sha3AcceptanceTest extends AcceptanceTestBase {

  private Node node;

-  @Before
+  @BeforeEach
  public void setUp() throws Exception {
    node = besu.createArchiveNode("node1");
    cluster.start(node);
--- a/acceptance-tests/tests/src/test/java/org/hyperledger/besu/tests/acceptance/jsonrpc/admin/AdminAddPeerAcceptanceTest.java
+++ b/acceptance-tests/tests/src/test/java/org/hyperledger/besu/tests/acceptance/jsonrpc/admin/AdminAddPeerAcceptanceTest.java
@ -20,9 +20,9 @@ import org.hyperledger.besu.tests.acceptance.dsl.node.cluster.Cluster;
 import org.hyperledger.besu.tests.acceptance.dsl.node.cluster.ClusterConfiguration;
 import org.hyperledger.besu.tests.acceptance.dsl.node.cluster.ClusterConfigurationBuilder;

-import org.junit.After;
-import org.junit.Before;
-import org.junit.Test;
+import org.junit.jupiter.api.AfterEach;
+import org.junit.jupiter.api.BeforeEach;
+import org.junit.jupiter.api.Test;

 public class AdminAddPeerAcceptanceTest extends AcceptanceTestBase {
  private Cluster noDiscoveryCluster;
@ -30,7 +30,7 @@ public class AdminAddPeerAcceptanceTest extends AcceptanceTestBase {
  private Node nodeA;
  private Node nodeB;

-  @Before
+  @BeforeEach
  public void setUp() throws Exception {
    final ClusterConfiguration clusterConfiguration =
        new ClusterConfigurationBuilder().awaitPeerDiscovery(false).build();
@ -40,7 +40,7 @@ public class AdminAddPeerAcceptanceTest extends AcceptanceTestBase {
    noDiscoveryCluster.start(nodeA, nodeB);
  }

-  @After
+  @AfterEach
  public void tearDown() {
    noDiscoveryCluster.stop();
  }
--- a/acceptance-tests/tests/src/test/java/org/hyperledger/besu/tests/acceptance/plugins/BadCLIOptionsPluginTest.java
+++ b/acceptance-tests/tests/src/test/java/org/hyperledger/besu/tests/acceptance/plugins/BadCLIOptionsPluginTest.java
@ -28,15 +28,15 @@ import java.util.concurrent.TimeUnit;
 import java.util.stream.Stream;

 import org.awaitility.Awaitility;
-import org.junit.After;
-import org.junit.Before;
-import org.junit.Ignore;
-import org.junit.Test;
+import org.junit.jupiter.api.AfterEach;
+import org.junit.jupiter.api.BeforeEach;
+import org.junit.jupiter.api.Disabled;
+import org.junit.jupiter.api.Test;

 public class BadCLIOptionsPluginTest extends AcceptanceTestBase {
  private BesuNode node;

-  @Before
+  @BeforeEach
  public void setUp() throws Exception {
    System.setProperty("TEST_BAD_CLI", "true");

@ -46,7 +46,7 @@ public class BadCLIOptionsPluginTest extends AcceptanceTestBase {
    cluster.start(node);
  }

-  @After
+  @AfterEach
  public void tearDown() {
    System.setProperty("TEST_BAD_CLI", "false");
  }
@ -68,7 +68,7 @@ public class BadCLIOptionsPluginTest extends AcceptanceTestBase {
  }

  @Test
-  @Ignore("No way to do a graceful shutdown of Besu at the moment.")
+  @Disabled("No way to do a graceful shutdown of Besu at the moment.")
  public void shouldNotStop() {
    cluster.stopNode(node);
    waitForFile(node.homeDirectory().resolve("plugins/pluginLifecycle.stopped"));
--- a/acceptance-tests/tests/src/test/java/org/hyperledger/besu/tests/acceptance/plugins/BesuEventsPluginTest.java
+++ b/acceptance-tests/tests/src/test/java/org/hyperledger/besu/tests/acceptance/plugins/BesuEventsPluginTest.java
@ -25,14 +25,14 @@ import java.util.concurrent.TimeUnit;
 import java.util.stream.Stream;

 import org.awaitility.Awaitility;
-import org.junit.Before;
-import org.junit.Test;
+import org.junit.jupiter.api.BeforeEach;
+import org.junit.jupiter.api.Test;

 public class BesuEventsPluginTest extends AcceptanceTestBase {
  private BesuNode pluginNode;
  private BesuNode minerNode;

-  @Before
+  @BeforeEach
  public void setUp() throws Exception {
    minerNode = besu.createMinerNode("minerNode");
    pluginNode =
@ -42,7 +42,7 @@ public class BesuEventsPluginTest extends AcceptanceTestBase {
  }

  @Test
-  public void blockIsAnnounded() {
+  public void blockIsAnnounced() {
    waitForFile(pluginNode.homeDirectory().resolve("plugins/newBlock.2"));
  }

--- a/acceptance-tests/tests/src/test/java/org/hyperledger/besu/tests/acceptance/plugins/PermissioningPluginTest.java
+++ b/acceptance-tests/tests/src/test/java/org/hyperledger/besu/tests/acceptance/plugins/PermissioningPluginTest.java
@ -25,8 +25,8 @@ import org.hyperledger.besu.tests.acceptance.dsl.transaction.account.TransferTra

 import java.util.List;

-import org.junit.Before;
-import org.junit.Test;
+import org.junit.jupiter.api.BeforeEach;
+import org.junit.jupiter.api.Test;

 public class PermissioningPluginTest extends AcceptanceTestBase {
  private BesuNode minerNode;
@ -35,7 +35,7 @@ public class PermissioningPluginTest extends AcceptanceTestBase {
  private BesuNode bobNode;
  private BesuNode charlieNode;

-  @Before
+  @BeforeEach
  public void setUp() throws Exception {
    final BesuNodeConfigurationBuilder builder =
        new BesuNodeConfigurationBuilder()
--- a/acceptance-tests/tests/src/test/java/org/hyperledger/besu/tests/acceptance/plugins/PicoCLIOptionsPluginTest.java
+++ b/acceptance-tests/tests/src/test/java/org/hyperledger/besu/tests/acceptance/plugins/PicoCLIOptionsPluginTest.java
@ -28,9 +28,9 @@ import java.util.concurrent.TimeUnit;
 import java.util.stream.Stream;

 import org.awaitility.Awaitility;
-import org.junit.Before;
-import org.junit.Ignore;
-import org.junit.Test;
+import org.junit.jupiter.api.BeforeEach;
+import org.junit.jupiter.api.Disabled;
+import org.junit.jupiter.api.Test;

 public class PicoCLIOptionsPluginTest extends AcceptanceTestBase {
  private BesuNode node;
@ -38,7 +38,7 @@ public class PicoCLIOptionsPluginTest extends AcceptanceTestBase {
  // context: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The_Magic_Words_are_Squeamish_Ossifrage
  private static final String MAGIC_WORDS = "Squemish Ossifrage";

-  @Before
+  @BeforeEach
  public void setUp() throws Exception {
    node =
        besu.createPluginsNode(
@ -70,7 +70,7 @@ public class PicoCLIOptionsPluginTest extends AcceptanceTestBase {
  }

  @Test
-  @Ignore("No way to do a graceful shutdown of Besu at the moment.")
+  @Disabled("No way to do a graceful shutdown of Besu at the moment.")
  public void shouldStop() {
    cluster.stopNode(node);
    waitForFile(node.homeDirectory().resolve("plugins/pluginLifecycle.stopped"));
--- a/acceptance-tests/tests/src/test/java/org/hyperledger/besu/tests/acceptance/plugins/RpcEndpointServicePluginTest.java
+++ b/acceptance-tests/tests/src/test/java/org/hyperledger/besu/tests/acceptance/plugins/RpcEndpointServicePluginTest.java
@ -30,8 +30,8 @@ import okhttp3.MediaType;
 import okhttp3.OkHttpClient;
 import okhttp3.Request;
 import okhttp3.RequestBody;
-import org.junit.Before;
-import org.junit.Test;
+import org.junit.jupiter.api.BeforeEach;
+import org.junit.jupiter.api.Test;

 public class RpcEndpointServicePluginTest extends AcceptanceTestBase {

@ -40,7 +40,7 @@ public class RpcEndpointServicePluginTest extends AcceptanceTestBase {
  private OkHttpClient client;
  protected static final MediaType JSON = MediaType.parse("application/json; charset=utf-8");

-  @Before
+  @BeforeEach
  public void setUp() throws Exception {
    node = besu.createPluginsNode("node1", List.of("testPlugins"), List.of("--rpc-http-api=TESTS"));
    cluster.start(node);
--- a/acceptance-tests/tests/src/test/java/org/hyperledger/besu/tests/acceptance/privacy/PrivacyGroupAcceptanceTest.java
+++ b/acceptance-tests/tests/src/test/java/org/hyperledger/besu/tests/acceptance/privacy/PrivacyGroupAcceptanceTest.java
@ -24,7 +24,7 @@ import org.hyperledger.besu.tests.acceptance.dsl.privacy.PrivacyAcceptanceTestBa
 import org.hyperledger.besu.tests.acceptance.dsl.privacy.PrivacyNode;
 import org.hyperledger.besu.tests.acceptance.dsl.privacy.account.PrivacyAccountResolver;
 import org.hyperledger.besu.tests.web3j.generated.EventEmitter;
-import org.hyperledger.besu.util.Log4j2ConfiguratorUtil;
+import org.hyperledger.besu.util.LogConfigurator;
 import org.hyperledger.enclave.testutil.EnclaveEncryptorType;
 import org.hyperledger.enclave.testutil.EnclaveType;

@ -34,7 +34,6 @@ import java.util.Arrays;
 import java.util.Collection;
 import java.util.Optional;

-import org.apache.logging.log4j.Level;
 import org.junit.Test;
 import org.junit.runner.RunWith;
 import org.junit.runners.Parameterized;
@ -99,7 +98,7 @@ public class PrivacyGroupAcceptanceTest extends PrivacyAcceptanceTestBase {

  @Test
  public void nodeCanCreatePrivacyGroup() {
-    Log4j2ConfiguratorUtil.setLevel("", Level.DEBUG);
+    LogConfigurator.setLevel("", "DEBUG");
    final String privacyGroupId =
        alice.execute(
            privacyTransactions.createPrivacyGroup(
--- a/acceptance-tests/tests/src/test/java/org/hyperledger/besu/tests/acceptance/privacy/contracts/PrivacyGroupTest.java
+++ b/acceptance-tests/tests/src/test/java/org/hyperledger/besu/tests/acceptance/privacy/contracts/PrivacyGroupTest.java
@ -25,8 +25,8 @@ import java.util.Arrays;
 import java.util.Collections;
 import java.util.List;

-import org.junit.Before;
-import org.junit.Test;
+import org.junit.jupiter.api.BeforeEach;
+import org.junit.jupiter.api.Test;
 import org.web3j.protocol.core.RemoteFunctionCall;
 import org.web3j.protocol.core.methods.response.TransactionReceipt;
 import org.web3j.protocol.exceptions.TransactionException;
@ -55,7 +55,7 @@ public class PrivacyGroupTest extends AcceptanceTestBase {

  private BesuNode minerNode;

-  @Before
+  @BeforeEach
  public void setUp() throws Exception {
    minerNode = besu.createMinerNode("node");
    cluster.start(minerNode);
--- a/acceptance-tests/tests/src/test/java/org/hyperledger/besu/tests/acceptance/privacy/contracts/PrivacyProxyTest.java
+++ b/acceptance-tests/tests/src/test/java/org/hyperledger/besu/tests/acceptance/privacy/contracts/PrivacyProxyTest.java
@ -27,8 +27,8 @@ import java.util.Arrays;
 import java.util.Collections;
 import java.util.List;

-import org.junit.Before;
-import org.junit.Test;
+import org.junit.jupiter.api.BeforeEach;
+import org.junit.jupiter.api.Test;
 import org.web3j.crypto.Credentials;
 import org.web3j.protocol.Web3j;
 import org.web3j.protocol.exceptions.TransactionException;
@ -55,7 +55,7 @@ public class PrivacyProxyTest extends AcceptanceTestBase {
  private DefaultFlexiblePrivacyGroupManagementContract
      defaultFlexiblePrivacyGroupManagementContract;

-  @Before
+  @BeforeEach
  public void setUp() throws Exception {
    minerNode = besu.createMinerNode("node");
    cluster.start(minerNode);
--- a/acceptance-tests/tests/src/test/java/org/hyperledger/besu/tests/acceptance/pubsub/NewPendingTransactionAcceptanceTest.java
+++ b/acceptance-tests/tests/src/test/java/org/hyperledger/besu/tests/acceptance/pubsub/NewPendingTransactionAcceptanceTest.java
@ -22,9 +22,9 @@ import org.hyperledger.besu.tests.acceptance.dsl.pubsub.Subscription;
 import org.hyperledger.besu.tests.acceptance.dsl.pubsub.WebSocket;

 import io.vertx.core.Vertx;
-import org.junit.After;
-import org.junit.Before;
-import org.junit.Test;
+import org.junit.jupiter.api.AfterEach;
+import org.junit.jupiter.api.BeforeEach;
+import org.junit.jupiter.api.Test;

 public class NewPendingTransactionAcceptanceTest extends AcceptanceTestBase {

@ -35,7 +35,7 @@ public class NewPendingTransactionAcceptanceTest extends AcceptanceTestBase {
  private BesuNode minerNode;
  private BesuNode archiveNode;

-  @Before
+  @BeforeEach
  public void setUp() throws Exception {
    vertx = Vertx.vertx();
    minerNode = besu.createMinerNode("miner-node1");
@ -46,7 +46,7 @@ public class NewPendingTransactionAcceptanceTest extends AcceptanceTestBase {
    archiveWebSocket = new WebSocket(vertx, archiveNode.getConfiguration());
  }

-  @After
+  @AfterEach
  public void tearDown() {
    vertx.close();
  }
--- a/besu/build.gradle
+++ b/besu/build.gradle
@ -99,6 +99,7 @@ dependencies {
  testImplementation 'org.awaitility:awaitility'
  testImplementation 'org.junit.jupiter:junit-jupiter'
  testImplementation 'org.mockito:mockito-core'
+  testImplementation 'org.mockito:mockito-junit-jupiter'
  testImplementation 'org.testcontainers:testcontainers'
  testImplementation 'tech.pegasys.discovery:discovery'

--- a/besu/src/main/java/org/hyperledger/besu/Besu.java
+++ b/besu/src/main/java/org/hyperledger/besu/Besu.java
@ -62,7 +62,13 @@ public final class Besu {
  }

  private static Logger setupLogging() {
-    InternalLoggerFactory.setDefaultFactory(Log4J2LoggerFactory.INSTANCE);
+    try {
+      InternalLoggerFactory.setDefaultFactory(Log4J2LoggerFactory.INSTANCE);
+    } catch (Throwable t) {
+      System.out.printf(
+          "Could not set netty log4j logger factory: %s - %s%n",
+          t.getClass().getSimpleName(), t.getMessage());
+    }
    try {
      System.setProperty(
          "vertx.logger-delegate-factory-class-name",
@ -70,10 +76,10 @@ public final class Besu {
      System.setProperty(
          "log4j.configurationFactory", BesuLoggingConfigurationFactory.class.getName());
      System.setProperty("log4j.skipJansi", String.valueOf(false));
-    } catch (SecurityException e) {
-      System.out.println(
-          "Could not set logging system property as the security manager prevented it:"
-              + e.getMessage());
+    } catch (Throwable t) {
+      System.out.printf(
+          "Could not set logging system property: %s - %s%n",
+          t.getClass().getSimpleName(), t.getMessage());
    }
    final Logger logger = LoggerFactory.getLogger(Besu.class);
    Thread.setDefaultUncaughtExceptionHandler(slf4jExceptionHandler(logger));
--- a/besu/src/main/java/org/hyperledger/besu/RunnerBuilder.java
+++ b/besu/src/main/java/org/hyperledger/besu/RunnerBuilder.java
@ -67,6 +67,7 @@ import org.hyperledger.besu.ethereum.api.query.BlockchainQueries;
 import org.hyperledger.besu.ethereum.api.query.PrivacyQueries;
 import org.hyperledger.besu.ethereum.blockcreation.MiningCoordinator;
 import org.hyperledger.besu.ethereum.chain.Blockchain;
+import org.hyperledger.besu.ethereum.core.BlockHeader;
 import org.hyperledger.besu.ethereum.core.MiningParameters;
 import org.hyperledger.besu.ethereum.core.PrivacyParameters;
 import org.hyperledger.besu.ethereum.core.Synchronizer;
@ -762,11 +763,7 @@ public class RunnerBuilder {
        .getBlockchain()
        .observeBlockAdded(
            blockAddedEvent -> {
-              if (protocolSchedule
-                  .streamMilestoneBlocks()
-                  .anyMatch(
-                      blockNumber ->
-                          blockNumber == blockAddedEvent.getBlock().getHeader().getNumber())) {
+              if (protocolSchedule.isOnMilestoneBoundary(blockAddedEvent.getBlock().getHeader())) {
                network.updateNodeRecord();
              }
            });
@ -796,7 +793,8 @@ public class RunnerBuilder {
            .build();
    vertx.deployVerticle(filterManager);

-    createPrivateTransactionObserver(filterManager, privacyParameters);
+    createPrivateTransactionObserver(
+        filterManager, privacyParameters, context.getBlockchain().getGenesisBlockHeader());

    final P2PNetwork peerNetwork = networkRunner.getNetwork();

@ -1032,7 +1030,8 @@ public class RunnerBuilder {
                  DefaultAuthenticationService.create(vertx, webSocketConfiguration),
                  metricsSystem));

-      createPrivateTransactionObserver(subscriptionManager, privacyParameters);
+      createPrivateTransactionObserver(
+          subscriptionManager, privacyParameters, context.getBlockchain().getGenesisBlockHeader());
    }

    final Optional<MetricsService> metricsService =
@ -1344,7 +1343,8 @@ public class RunnerBuilder {

  private void createPrivateTransactionObserver(
      final PrivateTransactionObserver privateTransactionObserver,
-      final PrivacyParameters privacyParameters) {
+      final PrivacyParameters privacyParameters,
+      final BlockHeader genesisBlockHeader) {
    // register privateTransactionObserver as observer of events fired by the flexible precompile.
    if (privacyParameters.isFlexiblePrivacyGroupsEnabled()
        && privacyParameters.isMultiTenancyEnabled()) {
@ -1352,9 +1352,10 @@ public class RunnerBuilder {
          (FlexiblePrivacyPrecompiledContract)
              besuController
                  .getProtocolSchedule()
-                  .getByBlockNumber(1)
+                  .getByBlockHeader(genesisBlockHeader)
                  .getPrecompileContractRegistry()
                  .get(FLEXIBLE_PRIVACY);
+
      flexiblePrivacyPrecompiledContract.addPrivateTransactionObserver(privateTransactionObserver);
    }
  }
--- a/besu/src/main/java/org/hyperledger/besu/cli/BesuCommand.java
+++ b/besu/src/main/java/org/hyperledger/besu/cli/BesuCommand.java
@ -186,7 +186,7 @@ import org.hyperledger.besu.services.SecurityModuleServiceImpl;
 import org.hyperledger.besu.services.StorageServiceImpl;
 import org.hyperledger.besu.services.kvstore.InMemoryStoragePlugin;
 import org.hyperledger.besu.util.InvalidConfigurationException;
-import org.hyperledger.besu.util.Log4j2ConfiguratorUtil;
+import org.hyperledger.besu.util.LogConfigurator;
 import org.hyperledger.besu.util.NetworkUtility;
 import org.hyperledger.besu.util.PermissioningConfigurationValidator;
 import org.hyperledger.besu.util.number.Fraction;
@ -240,7 +240,6 @@ import net.consensys.quorum.mainnet.launcher.LauncherManager;
 import net.consensys.quorum.mainnet.launcher.config.ImmutableLauncherConfig;
 import net.consensys.quorum.mainnet.launcher.exception.LauncherException;
 import net.consensys.quorum.mainnet.launcher.util.ParseArgsHelper;
-import org.apache.logging.log4j.Level;
 import org.apache.tuweni.bytes.Bytes;
 import org.apache.tuweni.units.bigints.UInt256;
 import org.slf4j.Logger;
@ -1313,7 +1312,7 @@ public class BesuCommand implements DefaultCommandValues, Runnable {
      names = {"--rpc-max-logs-range"},
      description =
          "Specifies the maximum number of blocks to retrieve logs from via RPC. Must be >=0. 0 specifies no limit  (default: ${DEFAULT-VALUE})")
-  private final Long rpcMaxLogsRange = 1000L;
+  private final Long rpcMaxLogsRange = 5000L;

  @Mixin private P2PTLSConfigOptions p2pTLSConfigOptions;

@ -1440,7 +1439,6 @@ public class BesuCommand implements DefaultCommandValues, Runnable {
   * @param args arguments to Besu command
   * @return success or failure exit code.
   */
-  @VisibleForTesting
  public int parse(
      final IExecutionStrategy resultHandler,
      final BesuParameterExceptionHandler parameterExceptionHandler,
@ -1553,7 +1551,6 @@ public class BesuCommand implements DefaultCommandValues, Runnable {
  private void registerConverters() {
    commandLine.registerConverter(Address.class, Address::fromHexStringStrict);
    commandLine.registerConverter(Bytes.class, Bytes::fromHexString);
-    commandLine.registerConverter(Level.class, Level::valueOf);
    commandLine.registerConverter(MetricsProtocol.class, MetricsProtocol::fromString);
    commandLine.registerConverter(UInt256.class, (arg) -> UInt256.valueOf(new BigInteger(arg)));
    commandLine.registerConverter(Wei.class, (arg) -> Wei.of(Long.parseUnsignedLong(arg)));
@ -1796,14 +1793,14 @@ public class BesuCommand implements DefaultCommandValues, Runnable {
   */
  public void configureLogging(final boolean announce) {
    // To change the configuration if color was enabled/disabled
-    Log4j2ConfiguratorUtil.reconfigure();
+    LogConfigurator.reconfigure();
    // set log level per CLI flags
-    final Level logLevel = loggingLevelOption.getLogLevel();
+    final String logLevel = loggingLevelOption.getLogLevel();
    if (logLevel != null) {
      if (announce) {
-        System.out.println("Setting logging level to " + logLevel.name());
+        System.out.println("Setting logging level to " + logLevel);
      }
-      Log4j2ConfiguratorUtil.setAllLevels("", logLevel);
+      LogConfigurator.setLevel("", logLevel);
    }
  }

@ -3109,7 +3106,7 @@ public class BesuCommand implements DefaultCommandValues, Runnable {
                  try {
                    besuPluginContext.stopPlugins();
                    runner.close();
-                    Log4j2ConfiguratorUtil.shutdown();
+                    LogConfigurator.shutdown();
                  } catch (final Exception e) {
                    logger.error("Failed to stop Besu");
                  }
@ -3306,7 +3303,6 @@ public class BesuCommand implements DefaultCommandValues, Runnable {
   *
   * @return instance of BesuParameterExceptionHandler
   */
-  @VisibleForTesting
  public BesuParameterExceptionHandler parameterExceptionHandler() {
    return new BesuParameterExceptionHandler(this::getLogLevel);
  }
@ -3454,7 +3450,7 @@ public class BesuCommand implements DefaultCommandValues, Runnable {
  }

  @VisibleForTesting
-  Level getLogLevel() {
+  String getLogLevel() {
    return loggingLevelOption.getLogLevel();
  }

--- a/besu/src/main/java/org/hyperledger/besu/cli/error/BesuParameterExceptionHandler.java
+++ b/besu/src/main/java/org/hyperledger/besu/cli/error/BesuParameterExceptionHandler.java
@ -17,21 +17,20 @@ package org.hyperledger.besu.cli.error;
 import java.io.PrintWriter;
 import java.util.function.Supplier;

-import org.apache.logging.log4j.Level;
 import picocli.CommandLine;
 import picocli.CommandLine.Model.CommandSpec;

 /** The custom parameter exception handler for Besu PicoCLI. */
 public class BesuParameterExceptionHandler implements CommandLine.IParameterExceptionHandler {

-  private final Supplier<Level> levelSupplier;
+  private final Supplier<String> levelSupplier;

  /**
   * Instantiates a new Besu parameter exception handler.
   *
   * @param levelSupplier the logging level supplier
   */
-  public BesuParameterExceptionHandler(final Supplier<Level> levelSupplier) {
+  public BesuParameterExceptionHandler(final Supplier<String> levelSupplier) {
    this.levelSupplier = levelSupplier;
  }

@ -39,8 +38,9 @@ public class BesuParameterExceptionHandler implements CommandLine.IParameterExce
  public int handleParseException(final CommandLine.ParameterException ex, final String[] args) {
    final CommandLine cmd = ex.getCommandLine();
    final PrintWriter err = cmd.getErr();
-    final Level logLevel = levelSupplier.get();
-    if (logLevel != null && Level.DEBUG.isMoreSpecificThan(logLevel)) {
+    final String logLevel = levelSupplier.get();
+    if (logLevel != null
+        && (logLevel.equals("DEBUG") || logLevel.equals("TRACE") || logLevel.equals("ALL"))) {
      ex.printStackTrace(err);
    } else {
      err.println(ex.getMessage());
--- a/besu/src/main/java/org/hyperledger/besu/cli/options/stable/LoggingLevelOption.java
+++ b/besu/src/main/java/org/hyperledger/besu/cli/options/stable/LoggingLevelOption.java
@ -16,7 +16,6 @@ package org.hyperledger.besu.cli.options.stable;

 import java.util.Set;

-import org.apache.logging.log4j.Level;
 import picocli.CommandLine;
 import picocli.CommandLine.Model.CommandSpec;
 import picocli.CommandLine.Spec;
@ -38,7 +37,7 @@ public class LoggingLevelOption {
  /** The Picocli CommandSpec. Visible for testing. Injected by Picocli framework at runtime. */
  @Spec CommandSpec spec;

-  private Level logLevel;
+  private String logLevel;

  /**
   * Sets log level.
@ -52,9 +51,9 @@ public class LoggingLevelOption {
  public void setLogLevel(final String logLevel) {
    if ("FATAL".equalsIgnoreCase(logLevel)) {
      System.out.println("FATAL level is deprecated");
-      this.logLevel = Level.ERROR;
+      this.logLevel = "ERROR";
    } else if (ACCEPTED_VALUES.contains(logLevel.toUpperCase())) {
-      this.logLevel = Level.getLevel(logLevel.toUpperCase());
+      this.logLevel = logLevel.toUpperCase();
    } else {
      throw new CommandLine.ParameterException(
          spec.commandLine(), "Unknown logging value: " + logLevel);
@ -66,7 +65,7 @@ public class LoggingLevelOption {
   *
   * @return the log level
   */
-  public Level getLogLevel() {
+  public String getLogLevel() {
    return logLevel;
  }
 }
--- a/besu/src/main/java/org/hyperledger/besu/cli/subcommands/RetestethSubCommand.java
+++ b/besu/src/main/java/org/hyperledger/besu/cli/subcommands/RetestethSubCommand.java
@ -24,12 +24,11 @@ import org.hyperledger.besu.cli.util.VersionProvider;
 import org.hyperledger.besu.ethereum.api.jsonrpc.JsonRpcConfiguration;
 import org.hyperledger.besu.ethereum.retesteth.RetestethConfiguration;
 import org.hyperledger.besu.ethereum.retesteth.RetestethService;
-import org.hyperledger.besu.util.Log4j2ConfiguratorUtil;
+import org.hyperledger.besu.util.LogConfigurator;

 import java.net.InetAddress;
 import java.nio.file.Path;

-import org.apache.logging.log4j.Level;
 import org.slf4j.Logger;
 import org.slf4j.LoggerFactory;
 import picocli.CommandLine.Command;
@ -106,10 +105,10 @@ public class RetestethSubCommand implements Runnable {

  private void prepareLogging() {
    // set log level per CLI flags
-    final Level logLevel = loggingLevelOption.getLogLevel();
+    final String logLevel = loggingLevelOption.getLogLevel();
    if (logLevel != null) {
-      System.out.println("Setting logging level to " + logLevel.name());
-      Log4j2ConfiguratorUtil.setAllLevels("", logLevel);
+      System.out.println("Setting logging level to " + logLevel);
+      LogConfigurator.setLevel("", logLevel);
    }
  }

@ -132,7 +131,7 @@ public class RetestethSubCommand implements Runnable {
                () -> {
                  try {
                    retestethService.close();
-                    Log4j2ConfiguratorUtil.shutdown();
+                    LogConfigurator.shutdown();
                  } catch (final Exception e) {
                    LOG.error("Failed to stop Besu Retesteth");
                  }
--- a/besu/src/main/java/org/hyperledger/besu/controller/BesuControllerBuilder.java
+++ b/besu/src/main/java/org/hyperledger/besu/controller/BesuControllerBuilder.java
@ -30,9 +30,9 @@ import org.hyperledger.besu.ethereum.GasLimitCalculator;
 import org.hyperledger.besu.ethereum.ProtocolContext;
 import org.hyperledger.besu.ethereum.api.jsonrpc.methods.JsonRpcMethods;
 import org.hyperledger.besu.ethereum.blockcreation.MiningCoordinator;
-import org.hyperledger.besu.ethereum.bonsai.BonsaiWorldStateArchive;
-import org.hyperledger.besu.ethereum.bonsai.BonsaiWorldStateKeyValueStorage;
-import org.hyperledger.besu.ethereum.bonsai.CachedMerkleTrieLoader;
+import org.hyperledger.besu.ethereum.bonsai.BonsaiWorldStateProvider;
+import org.hyperledger.besu.ethereum.bonsai.cache.CachedMerkleTrieLoader;
+import org.hyperledger.besu.ethereum.bonsai.storage.BonsaiWorldStateKeyValueStorage;
 import org.hyperledger.besu.ethereum.chain.Blockchain;
 import org.hyperledger.besu.ethereum.chain.BlockchainStorage;
 import org.hyperledger.besu.ethereum.chain.ChainDataPruner;
@ -658,6 +658,7 @@ public abstract class BesuControllerBuilder implements MiningParameterOverrides
        createAdditionalJsonRpcMethodFactory(protocolContext);

    final List<Closeable> closeables = new ArrayList<>();
+    closeables.add(protocolContext.getWorldStateArchive());
    closeables.add(storageProvider);
    if (privacyParameters.getPrivateStorageProvider() != null) {
      closeables.add(privacyParameters.getPrivateStorageProvider());
@ -934,17 +935,16 @@ public abstract class BesuControllerBuilder implements MiningParameterOverrides
        new SnapProtocolManager(peerValidators, ethPeers, snapMessages, worldStateArchive));
  }

-  private WorldStateArchive createWorldStateArchive(
+  WorldStateArchive createWorldStateArchive(
      final WorldStateStorage worldStateStorage,
      final Blockchain blockchain,
      final CachedMerkleTrieLoader cachedMerkleTrieLoader) {
    switch (dataStorageConfiguration.getDataStorageFormat()) {
      case BONSAI:
-        return new BonsaiWorldStateArchive(
+        return new BonsaiWorldStateProvider(
            (BonsaiWorldStateKeyValueStorage) worldStateStorage,
            blockchain,
            Optional.of(dataStorageConfiguration.getBonsaiMaxLayersToLoad()),
-            dataStorageConfiguration.useBonsaiSnapshots(),
            cachedMerkleTrieLoader);

      case FOREST:
--- a/besu/src/test/java/org/hyperledger/besu/ForkIdsNetworkConfigTest.java
+++ b/besu/src/test/java/org/hyperledger/besu/ForkIdsNetworkConfigTest.java
@ -118,8 +118,9 @@ public class ForkIdsNetworkConfigTest {
                new ForkId(Bytes.ofUnsignedInt(0xeb440f6L), 12965000L),
                new ForkId(Bytes.ofUnsignedInt(0xb715077dL), 13773000L),
                new ForkId(Bytes.ofUnsignedInt(0x20c327fcL), 15050000L),
-                new ForkId(Bytes.ofUnsignedInt(0xf0afd0e3L), 0L),
-                new ForkId(Bytes.ofUnsignedInt(0xf0afd0e3L), 0L))
+                new ForkId(Bytes.ofUnsignedInt(0xf0afd0e3L), 1681338455L),
+                new ForkId(Bytes.ofUnsignedInt(0xdce96c2dL), 0L),
+                new ForkId(Bytes.ofUnsignedInt(0xdce96c2dL), 0L))
          },
          new Object[] {
            NetworkName.MORDOR,
--- a/besu/src/test/java/org/hyperledger/besu/RunnerBuilderTest.java
+++ b/besu/src/test/java/org/hyperledger/besu/RunnerBuilderTest.java
@ -49,6 +49,7 @@ import org.hyperledger.besu.ethereum.chain.DefaultBlockchain;
 import org.hyperledger.besu.ethereum.chain.MutableBlockchain;
 import org.hyperledger.besu.ethereum.core.Block;
 import org.hyperledger.besu.ethereum.core.BlockDataGenerator;
+import org.hyperledger.besu.ethereum.core.BlockHeader;
 import org.hyperledger.besu.ethereum.core.InMemoryKeyValueStorageProvider;
 import org.hyperledger.besu.ethereum.core.MiningParameters;
 import org.hyperledger.besu.ethereum.core.PrivacyParameters;
@ -63,6 +64,7 @@ import org.hyperledger.besu.ethereum.p2p.config.SubProtocolConfiguration;
 import org.hyperledger.besu.ethereum.p2p.peers.EnodeURLImpl;
 import org.hyperledger.besu.ethereum.storage.StorageProvider;
 import org.hyperledger.besu.ethereum.storage.keyvalue.KeyValueStorageProvider;
+import org.hyperledger.besu.ethereum.worldstate.WorldStateArchive;
 import org.hyperledger.besu.metrics.ObservableMetricsSystem;
 import org.hyperledger.besu.metrics.prometheus.MetricsConfiguration;
 import org.hyperledger.besu.nat.NatMethod;
@ -74,7 +76,6 @@ import org.hyperledger.besu.services.RpcEndpointServiceImpl;
 import java.math.BigInteger;
 import java.nio.charset.StandardCharsets;
 import java.util.Collections;
-import java.util.stream.Stream;

 import io.vertx.core.Vertx;
 import org.apache.tuweni.bytes.Bytes;
@ -97,6 +98,7 @@ public final class RunnerBuilderTest {
  @Mock BesuController besuController;
  @Mock ProtocolSchedule protocolSchedule;
  @Mock ProtocolContext protocolContext;
+  @Mock WorldStateArchive worldstateArchive;
  @Mock Vertx vertx;
  private NodeKey nodeKey;

@ -124,7 +126,7 @@ public final class RunnerBuilderTest {
    final Block block = mock(Block.class);
    when(blockchain.getGenesisBlock()).thenReturn(block);
    when(block.getHash()).thenReturn(Hash.ZERO);
-
+    when(protocolContext.getWorldStateArchive()).thenReturn(worldstateArchive);
    when(besuController.getProtocolManager()).thenReturn(ethProtocolManager);
    when(besuController.getSubProtocolConfiguration()).thenReturn(subProtocolConfiguration);
    when(besuController.getProtocolContext()).thenReturn(protocolContext);
@ -214,7 +216,7 @@ public final class RunnerBuilderTest {
            .build();
    runner.startEthereumMainLoop();

-    when(protocolSchedule.streamMilestoneBlocks()).thenAnswer(__ -> Stream.of(1L, 2L));
+    when(protocolSchedule.isOnMilestoneBoundary(any(BlockHeader.class))).thenReturn(true);

    for (int i = 0; i < 2; ++i) {
      final Block block =
--- a/besu/src/test/java/org/hyperledger/besu/cli/BesuCommandTest.java
+++ b/besu/src/test/java/org/hyperledger/besu/cli/BesuCommandTest.java
@ -123,7 +123,6 @@ import com.google.common.io.Resources;
 import io.vertx.core.json.JsonObject;
 import org.apache.commons.io.FileUtils;
 import org.apache.commons.text.StringEscapeUtils;
-import org.apache.logging.log4j.Level;
 import org.apache.tuweni.bytes.Bytes;
 import org.apache.tuweni.toml.Toml;
 import org.apache.tuweni.toml.TomlParseResult;
@ -258,7 +257,7 @@ public class BesuCommandTest extends CommandTestAbstract {
    verify(mockRunnerBuilder).metricsConfiguration(eq(DEFAULT_METRICS_CONFIGURATION));
    verify(mockRunnerBuilder).ethNetworkConfig(ethNetworkArg.capture());
    verify(mockRunnerBuilder).autoLogBloomCaching(eq(true));
-    verify(mockRunnerBuilder).rpcMaxLogsRange(eq(1000L));
+    verify(mockRunnerBuilder).rpcMaxLogsRange(eq(5000L));
    verify(mockRunnerBuilder).build();

    verify(mockControllerBuilderFactory)
@ -4979,7 +4978,7 @@ public class BesuCommandTest extends CommandTestAbstract {
  public void logLevelIsSetByLoggingOption() {
    final TestBesuCommand command = parseCommand("--logging", "WARN");

-    assertThat(command.getLogLevel()).isEqualTo(Level.WARN);
+    assertThat(command.getLogLevel()).isEqualTo("WARN");
  }

  @Test
--- a/besu/src/test/java/org/hyperledger/besu/cli/options/stable/LoggingLevelOptionTest.java
+++ b/besu/src/test/java/org/hyperledger/besu/cli/options/stable/LoggingLevelOptionTest.java
@ -39,7 +39,7 @@ public class LoggingLevelOptionTest {
  @Test
  public void fatalLevelEqualsToError() {
    levelOption.setLogLevel("fatal");
-    assertThat(levelOption.getLogLevel()).isEqualTo(Level.ERROR);
+    assertThat(levelOption.getLogLevel()).isEqualTo("ERROR");
  }

  @Test
@ -49,7 +49,7 @@ public class LoggingLevelOptionTest {
        .forEach(
            level -> {
              levelOption.setLogLevel(level.name());
-              assertThat(levelOption.getLogLevel()).isEqualTo(level);
+              assertThat(levelOption.getLogLevel()).isEqualTo(level.name());
            });
  }

--- a/besu/src/test/java/org/hyperledger/besu/controller/BesuControllerBuilderTest.java
+++ b/besu/src/test/java/org/hyperledger/besu/controller/BesuControllerBuilderTest.java
@ -16,8 +16,10 @@ package org.hyperledger.besu.controller;

 import static org.mockito.ArgumentMatchers.any;
 import static org.mockito.ArgumentMatchers.anyString;
+import static org.mockito.Mockito.doReturn;
 import static org.mockito.Mockito.mock;
 import static org.mockito.Mockito.never;
+import static org.mockito.Mockito.spy;
 import static org.mockito.Mockito.verify;
 import static org.mockito.Mockito.when;

@ -29,7 +31,10 @@ import org.hyperledger.besu.config.Keccak256ConfigOptions;
 import org.hyperledger.besu.crypto.NodeKey;
 import org.hyperledger.besu.datatypes.Hash;
 import org.hyperledger.besu.ethereum.GasLimitCalculator;
-import org.hyperledger.besu.ethereum.bonsai.BonsaiWorldStateKeyValueStorage;
+import org.hyperledger.besu.ethereum.bonsai.cache.CachedMerkleTrieLoader;
+import org.hyperledger.besu.ethereum.bonsai.storage.BonsaiWorldStateKeyValueStorage;
+import org.hyperledger.besu.ethereum.bonsai.worldview.BonsaiWorldState;
+import org.hyperledger.besu.ethereum.chain.Blockchain;
 import org.hyperledger.besu.ethereum.core.MiningParameters;
 import org.hyperledger.besu.ethereum.core.PrivacyParameters;
 import org.hyperledger.besu.ethereum.eth.EthProtocolConfiguration;
@ -43,11 +48,11 @@ import org.hyperledger.besu.ethereum.worldstate.DataStorageConfiguration;
 import org.hyperledger.besu.ethereum.worldstate.DataStorageFormat;
 import org.hyperledger.besu.ethereum.worldstate.ImmutableDataStorageConfiguration;
 import org.hyperledger.besu.ethereum.worldstate.PrunerConfiguration;
+import org.hyperledger.besu.ethereum.worldstate.WorldStateArchive;
 import org.hyperledger.besu.ethereum.worldstate.WorldStatePreimageStorage;
 import org.hyperledger.besu.ethereum.worldstate.WorldStateStorage;
 import org.hyperledger.besu.evm.internal.EvmConfiguration;
 import org.hyperledger.besu.metrics.ObservableMetricsSystem;
-import org.hyperledger.besu.plugin.services.storage.KeyValueStorageTransaction;
 import org.hyperledger.besu.services.kvstore.InMemoryKeyValueStorage;

 import java.math.BigInteger;
@ -61,6 +66,7 @@ import org.junit.Rule;
 import org.junit.Test;
 import org.junit.rules.TemporaryFolder;
 import org.junit.runner.RunWith;
+import org.mockito.Answers;
 import org.mockito.Mock;
 import org.mockito.junit.MockitoJUnitRunner;

@ -85,6 +91,7 @@ public class BesuControllerBuilderTest {
  @Mock StorageProvider storageProvider;
  @Mock GasLimitCalculator gasLimitCalculator;
  @Mock WorldStateStorage worldStateStorage;
+  @Mock WorldStateArchive worldStateArchive;
  @Mock BonsaiWorldStateKeyValueStorage bonsaiWorldStateStorage;
  @Mock WorldStatePreimageStorage worldStatePreimageStorage;

@ -132,14 +139,7 @@ public class BesuControllerBuilderTest {
    when(worldStatePreimageStorage.updater())
        .thenReturn(mock(WorldStatePreimageStorage.Updater.class));
    when(worldStateStorage.updater()).thenReturn(mock(WorldStateStorage.Updater.class));
-    BonsaiWorldStateKeyValueStorage.BonsaiUpdater bonsaiUpdater =
-        mock(BonsaiWorldStateKeyValueStorage.BonsaiUpdater.class);
-    when(bonsaiUpdater.getTrieLogStorageTransaction())
-        .thenReturn(mock(KeyValueStorageTransaction.class));
-    when(bonsaiUpdater.getTrieBranchStorageTransaction())
-        .thenReturn(mock(KeyValueStorageTransaction.class));
-    when(bonsaiWorldStateStorage.updater()).thenReturn(bonsaiUpdater);
-    besuControllerBuilder = visitWithMockConfigs(new MainnetBesuControllerBuilder());
+    besuControllerBuilder = spy(visitWithMockConfigs(new MainnetBesuControllerBuilder()));
  }

  BesuControllerBuilder visitWithMockConfigs(final BesuControllerBuilder builder) {
@ -162,6 +162,13 @@ public class BesuControllerBuilderTest {

  @Test
  public void shouldDisablePruningIfBonsaiIsEnabled() {
+    BonsaiWorldState mockWorldState = mock(BonsaiWorldState.class, Answers.RETURNS_DEEP_STUBS);
+    doReturn(worldStateArchive)
+        .when(besuControllerBuilder)
+        .createWorldStateArchive(
+            any(WorldStateStorage.class), any(Blockchain.class), any(CachedMerkleTrieLoader.class));
+    doReturn(mockWorldState).when(worldStateArchive).getMutable();
+
    when(storageProvider.createWorldStateStorage(DataStorageFormat.BONSAI))
        .thenReturn(bonsaiWorldStateStorage);
    besuControllerBuilder
--- a/besu/src/test/java/org/hyperledger/besu/controller/MergeBesuControllerBuilderTest.java
+++ b/besu/src/test/java/org/hyperledger/besu/controller/MergeBesuControllerBuilderTest.java
@ -121,6 +121,8 @@ public class MergeBesuControllerBuilderTest {
        .thenReturn(
            new KeyValueStoragePrefixedKeyBlockchainStorage(
                new InMemoryKeyValueStorage(), new MainnetBlockHeaderFunctions()));
+    when(storageProvider.getStorageBySegmentIdentifier(any()))
+        .thenReturn(new InMemoryKeyValueStorage());
    when(synchronizerConfiguration.getDownloaderParallelism()).thenReturn(1);
    when(synchronizerConfiguration.getTransactionsParallelism()).thenReturn(1);
    when(synchronizerConfiguration.getComputationParallelism()).thenReturn(1);
--- a/besu/src/test/java/org/hyperledger/besu/ethereum/p2p/config/DefaultDiscoveryConfiguration.java
+++ b/besu/src/test/java/org/hyperledger/besu/ethereum/p2p/config/DefaultDiscoveryConfiguration.java
@ -36,10 +36,6 @@ public class DefaultDiscoveryConfiguration {
                  // Ethereum Foundation Bootnodes
                  "enode://d860a01f9722d78051619d1e2351aba3f43f943f6f00718d1b9baa4101932a1f5011f16bb2b1bb35db20d6fe28fa0bf09636d26a87d31de9ec6203eeedb1f666@18.138.108.67:30303", // Singapore AWS
                  "enode://22a8232c3abc76a16ae9d6c3b164f98775fe226f0917b0ca871128a74a8e9630b458460865bab457221f1d448dd9791d24c4e5d88786180ac185df813a68d4de@3.209.45.79:30303", // Virginia AWS
-                  "enode://8499da03c47d637b20eee24eec3c356c9a2e6148d6fe25ca195c7949ab8ec2c03e3556126b0d7ed644675e78c4318b08691b7b57de10e5f0d40d05b09238fa0a@52.187.207.27:30303", // Australia Azure
-                  "enode://103858bdb88756c71f15e9b5e09b56dc1be52f0a5021d46301dbbfb7e130029cc9d0d6f73f693bc29b665770fff7da4d34f3c6379fe12721b5d7a0bcb5ca1fc1@191.234.162.198:30303", // Brazil Azure
-                  "enode://715171f50508aba88aecd1250af392a45a330af91d7b90701c436b618c86aaa1589c9184561907bebbb56439b8f8787bc01f49a7c77276c58c1b09822d75e8e8@52.231.165.108:30303", // South Korea Azure
-                  "enode://5d6d7cd20d6da4bb83a1d28cadb5d409b64edf314c0335df658c1a54e32c7c4a7ab7823d57c39b6a757556e68ff1df17c748b698544a55cb488b52479a92b60f@104.42.217.25:30303", // West US Azure
                  "enode://2b252ab6a1d0f971d9722cb839a42cb81db019ba44c08754628ab4a823487071b5695317c8ccd085219c3a03af063495b2f1da8d18218da2d6a82981b45e6ffc@65.108.70.101:30303", // Helsinki Hetzner
                  "enode://4aeb4ab6c14b23e2c4cfdce879c04b0748a20d8e9b59e25ded2a08143e265c6c25936e74cbc8e641e3312ca288673d91f2f93f8e277de3cfa444ecdaaf982052@157.90.35.166:30303", // Falkenstein Hetzner

--- a/besu/src/test/java/org/hyperledger/besu/services/BesuEventsImplTest.java
+++ b/besu/src/test/java/org/hyperledger/besu/services/BesuEventsImplTest.java
@ -131,8 +131,7 @@ public class BesuEventsImplTest {
        .thenReturn(ValidationResult.valid());
    when(mockTransactionValidator.validateForSender(any(), any(), any()))
        .thenReturn(ValidationResult.valid());
-    when(mockWorldState.copy()).thenReturn(mockWorldState);
-    when(mockWorldStateArchive.getMutable(any(), any(), anyBoolean()))
+    when(mockWorldStateArchive.getMutable(any(), anyBoolean()))
        .thenReturn(Optional.of(mockWorldState));

    blockBroadcaster = new BlockBroadcaster(mockEthContext);
--- a/besu/src/test/java/org/hyperledger/besu/util/LocalPermissioningConfigurationValidatorTest.java
+++ b/besu/src/test/java/org/hyperledger/besu/util/LocalPermissioningConfigurationValidatorTest.java
@ -34,11 +34,11 @@ import java.util.List;

 import com.google.common.collect.Lists;
 import com.google.common.io.Resources;
-import org.junit.Test;
-import org.junit.runner.RunWith;
-import org.mockito.junit.MockitoJUnitRunner;
+import org.junit.jupiter.api.Test;
+import org.junit.jupiter.api.extension.ExtendWith;
+import org.mockito.junit.jupiter.MockitoExtension;

-@RunWith(MockitoJUnitRunner.class)
+@ExtendWith(MockitoExtension.class)
 public class LocalPermissioningConfigurationValidatorTest {

  static final String PERMISSIONING_CONFIG_SEPOLIA_BOOTNODES =
@ -50,7 +50,7 @@ public class LocalPermissioningConfigurationValidatorTest {
      "/permissioning_config_unknown_hostname.toml";

  @Test
-  public void spoliaWithNodesAllowlistOptionWhichDoesIncludeRopstenBootnodesMustNotError()
+  public void sepoliaWithNodesAllowlistOptionWhichDoesIncludeRopstenBootnodesMustNotError()
      throws Exception {

    EthNetworkConfig ethNetworkConfig = EthNetworkConfig.getNetworkConfig(NetworkName.SEPOLIA);
--- a/besu/src/test/java/org/hyperledger/besu/util/PrivateStorageMigrationServiceTest.java
+++ b/besu/src/test/java/org/hyperledger/besu/util/PrivateStorageMigrationServiceTest.java
@ -31,12 +31,12 @@ import org.hyperledger.besu.ethereum.privacy.storage.migration.PrivateStorageMig
 import org.hyperledger.besu.ethereum.privacy.storage.migration.PrivateStorageMigrationException;
 import org.hyperledger.besu.ethereum.privacy.storage.migration.PrivateStorageMigrationService;

-import org.junit.Test;
-import org.junit.runner.RunWith;
+import org.junit.jupiter.api.Test;
+import org.junit.jupiter.api.extension.ExtendWith;
 import org.mockito.Mock;
-import org.mockito.junit.MockitoJUnitRunner;
+import org.mockito.junit.jupiter.MockitoExtension;

-@RunWith(MockitoJUnitRunner.class)
+@ExtendWith(MockitoExtension.class)
 public class PrivateStorageMigrationServiceTest {

  @Mock private PrivateStateStorage privateStateStorage;
--- a/besu/src/test/java/org/hyperledger/besu/util/StringUtilsTest.java
+++ b/besu/src/test/java/org/hyperledger/besu/util/StringUtilsTest.java
@ -22,11 +22,11 @@ import java.util.List;
 import java.util.Map;
 import java.util.stream.Collectors;

-import org.junit.Test;
-import org.junit.runner.RunWith;
-import org.mockito.junit.MockitoJUnitRunner;
+import org.junit.jupiter.api.Test;
+import org.junit.jupiter.api.extension.ExtendWith;
+import org.mockito.junit.jupiter.MockitoExtension;

-@RunWith(MockitoJUnitRunner.class)
+@ExtendWith(MockitoExtension.class)
 public class StringUtilsTest {

  @Test
--- a/besu/src/test/resources/invalid_post_merge_checkpoint_total_difficulty_same_as_TTD.json
+++ b/besu/src/test/resources/invalid_post_merge_checkpoint_total_difficulty_same_as_TTD.json
@ -16,25 +16,6 @@
    "terminalTotalDifficulty": 58750000000000000000000,
    "ethash": {
    },
-    "discovery": {
-      "dns": "enrtree://AKA3AM6LPBYEUDMVNU3BSVQJ5AD45Y7YPOHJLEF6W26QOE4VTUDPE@all.mainnet.ethdisco.net",
-      "bootnodes": [
-        "enode://d860a01f9722d78051619d1e2351aba3f43f943f6f00718d1b9baa4101932a1f5011f16bb2b1bb35db20d6fe28fa0bf09636d26a87d31de9ec6203eeedb1f666@18.138.108.67:30303",
-        "enode://22a8232c3abc76a16ae9d6c3b164f98775fe226f0917b0ca871128a74a8e9630b458460865bab457221f1d448dd9791d24c4e5d88786180ac185df813a68d4de@3.209.45.79:30303",
-        "enode://8499da03c47d637b20eee24eec3c356c9a2e6148d6fe25ca195c7949ab8ec2c03e3556126b0d7ed644675e78c4318b08691b7b57de10e5f0d40d05b09238fa0a@52.187.207.27:30303",
-        "enode://103858bdb88756c71f15e9b5e09b56dc1be52f0a5021d46301dbbfb7e130029cc9d0d6f73f693bc29b665770fff7da4d34f3c6379fe12721b5d7a0bcb5ca1fc1@191.234.162.198:30303",
-        "enode://715171f50508aba88aecd1250af392a45a330af91d7b90701c436b618c86aaa1589c9184561907bebbb56439b8f8787bc01f49a7c77276c58c1b09822d75e8e8@52.231.165.108:30303",
-        "enode://5d6d7cd20d6da4bb83a1d28cadb5d409b64edf314c0335df658c1a54e32c7c4a7ab7823d57c39b6a757556e68ff1df17c748b698544a55cb488b52479a92b60f@104.42.217.25:30303",
-        "enode://2b252ab6a1d0f971d9722cb839a42cb81db019ba44c08754628ab4a823487071b5695317c8ccd085219c3a03af063495b2f1da8d18218da2d6a82981b45e6ffc@65.108.70.101:30303",
-        "enode://4aeb4ab6c14b23e2c4cfdce879c04b0748a20d8e9b59e25ded2a08143e265c6c25936e74cbc8e641e3312ca288673d91f2f93f8e277de3cfa444ecdaaf982052@157.90.35.166:30303",
-        "enode://a979fb575495b8d6db44f750317d0f4622bf4c2aa3365d6af7c284339968eef29b69ad0dce72a4d8db5ebb4968de0e3bec910127f134779fbcb0cb6d3331163c@52.16.188.185:30303",
-        "enode://3f1d12044546b76342d59d4a05532c14b85aa669704bfe1f864fe079415aa2c02d743e03218e57a33fb94523adb54032871a6c51b2cc5514cb7c7e35b3ed0a99@13.93.211.84:30303",
-        "enode://78de8a0916848093c73790ead81d1928bec737d565119932b98c6b100d944b7a95e94f847f689fc723399d2e31129d182f7ef3863f2b4c820abbf3ab2722344d@191.235.84.50:30303",
-        "enode://158f8aab45f6d19c6cbf4a089c2670541a8da11978a2f90dbf6a502a4a3bab80d288afdbeb7ec0ef6d92de563767f3b1ea9e8e334ca711e9f8e2df5a0385e8e6@13.75.154.138:30303",
-        "enode://1118980bf48b0a3640bdba04e0fe78b1add18e1cd99bf22d53daac1fd9972ad650df52176e7c7d89d1114cfef2bc23a2959aa54998a46afcf7d91809f0855082@52.74.57.123:30303",
-        "enode://979b7fa28feeb35a4741660a16076f1943202cb72b6af70d327f053e248bab9ba81760f39d0701ef1d8f89cc1fbd2cacba0710a12cd5314d5e0c9021aa3637f9@5.1.83.226:30303"
-      ]
-    },
    "checkpoint": {
      "hash": "0x186642d6084eb7799cb01c7eb69c1a7f3b2c32cd141e62d309f30081a1ea3c91",
      "number": 16015954,
--- a/besu/src/test/resources/invalid_post_merge_merge_at_genesis.json
+++ b/besu/src/test/resources/invalid_post_merge_merge_at_genesis.json
@ -16,25 +16,6 @@
    "terminalTotalDifficulty": 0,
    "ethash": {
    },
-    "discovery": {
-      "dns": "enrtree://AKA3AM6LPBYEUDMVNU3BSVQJ5AD45Y7YPOHJLEF6W26QOE4VTUDPE@all.mainnet.ethdisco.net",
-      "bootnodes": [
-        "enode://d860a01f9722d78051619d1e2351aba3f43f943f6f00718d1b9baa4101932a1f5011f16bb2b1bb35db20d6fe28fa0bf09636d26a87d31de9ec6203eeedb1f666@18.138.108.67:30303",
-        "enode://22a8232c3abc76a16ae9d6c3b164f98775fe226f0917b0ca871128a74a8e9630b458460865bab457221f1d448dd9791d24c4e5d88786180ac185df813a68d4de@3.209.45.79:30303",
-        "enode://8499da03c47d637b20eee24eec3c356c9a2e6148d6fe25ca195c7949ab8ec2c03e3556126b0d7ed644675e78c4318b08691b7b57de10e5f0d40d05b09238fa0a@52.187.207.27:30303",
-        "enode://103858bdb88756c71f15e9b5e09b56dc1be52f0a5021d46301dbbfb7e130029cc9d0d6f73f693bc29b665770fff7da4d34f3c6379fe12721b5d7a0bcb5ca1fc1@191.234.162.198:30303",
-        "enode://715171f50508aba88aecd1250af392a45a330af91d7b90701c436b618c86aaa1589c9184561907bebbb56439b8f8787bc01f49a7c77276c58c1b09822d75e8e8@52.231.165.108:30303",
-        "enode://5d6d7cd20d6da4bb83a1d28cadb5d409b64edf314c0335df658c1a54e32c7c4a7ab7823d57c39b6a757556e68ff1df17c748b698544a55cb488b52479a92b60f@104.42.217.25:30303",
-        "enode://2b252ab6a1d0f971d9722cb839a42cb81db019ba44c08754628ab4a823487071b5695317c8ccd085219c3a03af063495b2f1da8d18218da2d6a82981b45e6ffc@65.108.70.101:30303",
-        "enode://4aeb4ab6c14b23e2c4cfdce879c04b0748a20d8e9b59e25ded2a08143e265c6c25936e74cbc8e641e3312ca288673d91f2f93f8e277de3cfa444ecdaaf982052@157.90.35.166:30303",
-        "enode://a979fb575495b8d6db44f750317d0f4622bf4c2aa3365d6af7c284339968eef29b69ad0dce72a4d8db5ebb4968de0e3bec910127f134779fbcb0cb6d3331163c@52.16.188.185:30303",
-        "enode://3f1d12044546b76342d59d4a05532c14b85aa669704bfe1f864fe079415aa2c02d743e03218e57a33fb94523adb54032871a6c51b2cc5514cb7c7e35b3ed0a99@13.93.211.84:30303",
-        "enode://78de8a0916848093c73790ead81d1928bec737d565119932b98c6b100d944b7a95e94f847f689fc723399d2e31129d182f7ef3863f2b4c820abbf3ab2722344d@191.235.84.50:30303",
-        "enode://158f8aab45f6d19c6cbf4a089c2670541a8da11978a2f90dbf6a502a4a3bab80d288afdbeb7ec0ef6d92de563767f3b1ea9e8e334ca711e9f8e2df5a0385e8e6@13.75.154.138:30303",
-        "enode://1118980bf48b0a3640bdba04e0fe78b1add18e1cd99bf22d53daac1fd9972ad650df52176e7c7d89d1114cfef2bc23a2959aa54998a46afcf7d91809f0855082@52.74.57.123:30303",
-        "enode://979b7fa28feeb35a4741660a16076f1943202cb72b6af70d327f053e248bab9ba81760f39d0701ef1d8f89cc1fbd2cacba0710a12cd5314d5e0c9021aa3637f9@5.1.83.226:30303"
-      ]
-    },
    "checkpoint": {
      "hash": "0x186642d6084eb7799cb01c7eb69c1a7f3b2c32cd141e62d309f30081a1ea3c91",
      "number": 1,
--- a/besu/src/test/resources/invalid_post_merge_near_head_checkpoint.json
+++ b/besu/src/test/resources/invalid_post_merge_near_head_checkpoint.json
@ -15,25 +15,6 @@
    "grayGlacierBlock": 15050000,
    "ethash": {
    },
-    "discovery": {
-      "dns": "enrtree://AKA3AM6LPBYEUDMVNU3BSVQJ5AD45Y7YPOHJLEF6W26QOE4VTUDPE@all.mainnet.ethdisco.net",
-      "bootnodes": [
-        "enode://d860a01f9722d78051619d1e2351aba3f43f943f6f00718d1b9baa4101932a1f5011f16bb2b1bb35db20d6fe28fa0bf09636d26a87d31de9ec6203eeedb1f666@18.138.108.67:30303",
-        "enode://22a8232c3abc76a16ae9d6c3b164f98775fe226f0917b0ca871128a74a8e9630b458460865bab457221f1d448dd9791d24c4e5d88786180ac185df813a68d4de@3.209.45.79:30303",
-        "enode://8499da03c47d637b20eee24eec3c356c9a2e6148d6fe25ca195c7949ab8ec2c03e3556126b0d7ed644675e78c4318b08691b7b57de10e5f0d40d05b09238fa0a@52.187.207.27:30303",
-        "enode://103858bdb88756c71f15e9b5e09b56dc1be52f0a5021d46301dbbfb7e130029cc9d0d6f73f693bc29b665770fff7da4d34f3c6379fe12721b5d7a0bcb5ca1fc1@191.234.162.198:30303",
-        "enode://715171f50508aba88aecd1250af392a45a330af91d7b90701c436b618c86aaa1589c9184561907bebbb56439b8f8787bc01f49a7c77276c58c1b09822d75e8e8@52.231.165.108:30303",
-        "enode://5d6d7cd20d6da4bb83a1d28cadb5d409b64edf314c0335df658c1a54e32c7c4a7ab7823d57c39b6a757556e68ff1df17c748b698544a55cb488b52479a92b60f@104.42.217.25:30303",
-        "enode://2b252ab6a1d0f971d9722cb839a42cb81db019ba44c08754628ab4a823487071b5695317c8ccd085219c3a03af063495b2f1da8d18218da2d6a82981b45e6ffc@65.108.70.101:30303",
-        "enode://4aeb4ab6c14b23e2c4cfdce879c04b0748a20d8e9b59e25ded2a08143e265c6c25936e74cbc8e641e3312ca288673d91f2f93f8e277de3cfa444ecdaaf982052@157.90.35.166:30303",
-        "enode://a979fb575495b8d6db44f750317d0f4622bf4c2aa3365d6af7c284339968eef29b69ad0dce72a4d8db5ebb4968de0e3bec910127f134779fbcb0cb6d3331163c@52.16.188.185:30303",
-        "enode://3f1d12044546b76342d59d4a05532c14b85aa669704bfe1f864fe079415aa2c02d743e03218e57a33fb94523adb54032871a6c51b2cc5514cb7c7e35b3ed0a99@13.93.211.84:30303",
-        "enode://78de8a0916848093c73790ead81d1928bec737d565119932b98c6b100d944b7a95e94f847f689fc723399d2e31129d182f7ef3863f2b4c820abbf3ab2722344d@191.235.84.50:30303",
-        "enode://158f8aab45f6d19c6cbf4a089c2670541a8da11978a2f90dbf6a502a4a3bab80d288afdbeb7ec0ef6d92de563767f3b1ea9e8e334ca711e9f8e2df5a0385e8e6@13.75.154.138:30303",
-        "enode://1118980bf48b0a3640bdba04e0fe78b1add18e1cd99bf22d53daac1fd9972ad650df52176e7c7d89d1114cfef2bc23a2959aa54998a46afcf7d91809f0855082@52.74.57.123:30303",
-        "enode://979b7fa28feeb35a4741660a16076f1943202cb72b6af70d327f053e248bab9ba81760f39d0701ef1d8f89cc1fbd2cacba0710a12cd5314d5e0c9021aa3637f9@5.1.83.226:30303"
-      ]
-    },
    "checkpoint": {
      "hash": "0x186642d6084eb7799cb01c7eb69c1a7f3b2c32cd141e62d309f30081a1ea3c91",
      "number": 16015954,
--- a/besu/src/test/resources/valid_pos_checkpoint_pos_TD_equals_TTD.json
+++ b/besu/src/test/resources/valid_pos_checkpoint_pos_TD_equals_TTD.json
@ -16,25 +16,6 @@
    "terminalTotalDifficulty": 10,
    "ethash": {
    },
-    "discovery": {
-      "dns": "enrtree://AKA3AM6LPBYEUDMVNU3BSVQJ5AD45Y7YPOHJLEF6W26QOE4VTUDPE@all.mainnet.ethdisco.net",
-      "bootnodes": [
-        "enode://d860a01f9722d78051619d1e2351aba3f43f943f6f00718d1b9baa4101932a1f5011f16bb2b1bb35db20d6fe28fa0bf09636d26a87d31de9ec6203eeedb1f666@18.138.108.67:30303",
-        "enode://22a8232c3abc76a16ae9d6c3b164f98775fe226f0917b0ca871128a74a8e9630b458460865bab457221f1d448dd9791d24c4e5d88786180ac185df813a68d4de@3.209.45.79:30303",
-        "enode://8499da03c47d637b20eee24eec3c356c9a2e6148d6fe25ca195c7949ab8ec2c03e3556126b0d7ed644675e78c4318b08691b7b57de10e5f0d40d05b09238fa0a@52.187.207.27:30303",
-        "enode://103858bdb88756c71f15e9b5e09b56dc1be52f0a5021d46301dbbfb7e130029cc9d0d6f73f693bc29b665770fff7da4d34f3c6379fe12721b5d7a0bcb5ca1fc1@191.234.162.198:30303",
-        "enode://715171f50508aba88aecd1250af392a45a330af91d7b90701c436b618c86aaa1589c9184561907bebbb56439b8f8787bc01f49a7c77276c58c1b09822d75e8e8@52.231.165.108:30303",
-        "enode://5d6d7cd20d6da4bb83a1d28cadb5d409b64edf314c0335df658c1a54e32c7c4a7ab7823d57c39b6a757556e68ff1df17c748b698544a55cb488b52479a92b60f@104.42.217.25:30303",
-        "enode://2b252ab6a1d0f971d9722cb839a42cb81db019ba44c08754628ab4a823487071b5695317c8ccd085219c3a03af063495b2f1da8d18218da2d6a82981b45e6ffc@65.108.70.101:30303",
-        "enode://4aeb4ab6c14b23e2c4cfdce879c04b0748a20d8e9b59e25ded2a08143e265c6c25936e74cbc8e641e3312ca288673d91f2f93f8e277de3cfa444ecdaaf982052@157.90.35.166:30303",
-        "enode://a979fb575495b8d6db44f750317d0f4622bf4c2aa3365d6af7c284339968eef29b69ad0dce72a4d8db5ebb4968de0e3bec910127f134779fbcb0cb6d3331163c@52.16.188.185:30303",
-        "enode://3f1d12044546b76342d59d4a05532c14b85aa669704bfe1f864fe079415aa2c02d743e03218e57a33fb94523adb54032871a6c51b2cc5514cb7c7e35b3ed0a99@13.93.211.84:30303",
-        "enode://78de8a0916848093c73790ead81d1928bec737d565119932b98c6b100d944b7a95e94f847f689fc723399d2e31129d182f7ef3863f2b4c820abbf3ab2722344d@191.235.84.50:30303",
-        "enode://158f8aab45f6d19c6cbf4a089c2670541a8da11978a2f90dbf6a502a4a3bab80d288afdbeb7ec0ef6d92de563767f3b1ea9e8e334ca711e9f8e2df5a0385e8e6@13.75.154.138:30303",
-        "enode://1118980bf48b0a3640bdba04e0fe78b1add18e1cd99bf22d53daac1fd9972ad650df52176e7c7d89d1114cfef2bc23a2959aa54998a46afcf7d91809f0855082@52.74.57.123:30303",
-        "enode://979b7fa28feeb35a4741660a16076f1943202cb72b6af70d327f053e248bab9ba81760f39d0701ef1d8f89cc1fbd2cacba0710a12cd5314d5e0c9021aa3637f9@5.1.83.226:30303"
-      ]
-    },
    "checkpoint": {
      "hash": "0x186642d6084eb7799cb01c7eb69c1a7f3b2c32cd141e62d309f30081a1ea3c91",
      "number": 3,
--- a/besu/src/test/resources/valid_post_merge_near_head_checkpoint.json
+++ b/besu/src/test/resources/valid_post_merge_near_head_checkpoint.json
@ -16,25 +16,6 @@
    "terminalTotalDifficulty": 58750000000000000000000,
    "ethash": {
    },
-    "discovery": {
-      "dns": "enrtree://AKA3AM6LPBYEUDMVNU3BSVQJ5AD45Y7YPOHJLEF6W26QOE4VTUDPE@all.mainnet.ethdisco.net",
-      "bootnodes": [
-        "enode://d860a01f9722d78051619d1e2351aba3f43f943f6f00718d1b9baa4101932a1f5011f16bb2b1bb35db20d6fe28fa0bf09636d26a87d31de9ec6203eeedb1f666@18.138.108.67:30303",
-        "enode://22a8232c3abc76a16ae9d6c3b164f98775fe226f0917b0ca871128a74a8e9630b458460865bab457221f1d448dd9791d24c4e5d88786180ac185df813a68d4de@3.209.45.79:30303",
-        "enode://8499da03c47d637b20eee24eec3c356c9a2e6148d6fe25ca195c7949ab8ec2c03e3556126b0d7ed644675e78c4318b08691b7b57de10e5f0d40d05b09238fa0a@52.187.207.27:30303",
-        "enode://103858bdb88756c71f15e9b5e09b56dc1be52f0a5021d46301dbbfb7e130029cc9d0d6f73f693bc29b665770fff7da4d34f3c6379fe12721b5d7a0bcb5ca1fc1@191.234.162.198:30303",
-        "enode://715171f50508aba88aecd1250af392a45a330af91d7b90701c436b618c86aaa1589c9184561907bebbb56439b8f8787bc01f49a7c77276c58c1b09822d75e8e8@52.231.165.108:30303",
-        "enode://5d6d7cd20d6da4bb83a1d28cadb5d409b64edf314c0335df658c1a54e32c7c4a7ab7823d57c39b6a757556e68ff1df17c748b698544a55cb488b52479a92b60f@104.42.217.25:30303",
-        "enode://2b252ab6a1d0f971d9722cb839a42cb81db019ba44c08754628ab4a823487071b5695317c8ccd085219c3a03af063495b2f1da8d18218da2d6a82981b45e6ffc@65.108.70.101:30303",
-        "enode://4aeb4ab6c14b23e2c4cfdce879c04b0748a20d8e9b59e25ded2a08143e265c6c25936e74cbc8e641e3312ca288673d91f2f93f8e277de3cfa444ecdaaf982052@157.90.35.166:30303",
-        "enode://a979fb575495b8d6db44f750317d0f4622bf4c2aa3365d6af7c284339968eef29b69ad0dce72a4d8db5ebb4968de0e3bec910127f134779fbcb0cb6d3331163c@52.16.188.185:30303",
-        "enode://3f1d12044546b76342d59d4a05532c14b85aa669704bfe1f864fe079415aa2c02d743e03218e57a33fb94523adb54032871a6c51b2cc5514cb7c7e35b3ed0a99@13.93.211.84:30303",
-        "enode://78de8a0916848093c73790ead81d1928bec737d565119932b98c6b100d944b7a95e94f847f689fc723399d2e31129d182f7ef3863f2b4c820abbf3ab2722344d@191.235.84.50:30303",
-        "enode://158f8aab45f6d19c6cbf4a089c2670541a8da11978a2f90dbf6a502a4a3bab80d288afdbeb7ec0ef6d92de563767f3b1ea9e8e334ca711e9f8e2df5a0385e8e6@13.75.154.138:30303",
-        "enode://1118980bf48b0a3640bdba04e0fe78b1add18e1cd99bf22d53daac1fd9972ad650df52176e7c7d89d1114cfef2bc23a2959aa54998a46afcf7d91809f0855082@52.74.57.123:30303",
-        "enode://979b7fa28feeb35a4741660a16076f1943202cb72b6af70d327f053e248bab9ba81760f39d0701ef1d8f89cc1fbd2cacba0710a12cd5314d5e0c9021aa3637f9@5.1.83.226:30303"
-      ]
-    },
    "checkpoint": {
      "hash": "0x186642d6084eb7799cb01c7eb69c1a7f3b2c32cd141e62d309f30081a1ea3c91",
      "number": 16015954,
--- a/build.gradle
+++ b/build.gradle
@ -28,8 +28,21 @@ plugins {
  id 'me.champeau.jmh' version '0.6.6' apply false
  id 'net.ltgt.errorprone' version '2.0.2'
  id 'maven-publish'
+  id 'org.sonarqube' version '3.4.0.2513'
 }

+sonarqube {
+  properties {
+    property "sonar.projectKey", "hyperledger_besu"
+    property "sonar.organization", "hyperledger"
+    property "sonar.host.url", "https://sonarcloud.io"
+    property "sonar.coverage.jacoco.xmlReportPaths", "${buildDir}/reports/jacoco/jacocoRootReport/jacocoRootReport.xml"
+    property "sonar.coverage.exclusions", "acceptance-tests/**/*"
+  }
+}
+
+project.tasks["sonarqube"].dependsOn "jacocoRootReport"
+
 if (!JavaVersion.current().isCompatibleWith(JavaVersion.VERSION_17)) {
  throw new GradleException("Java 17 or later is required to build Besu.\n" +
  "  Detected version ${JavaVersion.current()}")
@ -862,7 +875,7 @@ task checkSpdxHeader(type: CheckSpdxHeader) {
    "(.*/.idea/.*)",
    "(.*/out/.*)",
    "(.*/build/.*)",
-    "(.*/src/[^/]+/generated/.*)",
+    "(.*/src/[^/]+/generated/.*)"
  ].join("|")

 }
--- a/config/src/main/resources/mainnet.json
+++ b/config/src/main/resources/mainnet.json
@ -14,6 +14,7 @@
    "arrowGlacierBlock": 13773000,
    "grayGlacierBlock": 15050000,
    "terminalTotalDifficulty": 58750000000000000000000,
+    "shanghaiTime": 1681338455,
    "ethash": {
    },
    "discovery": {
@ -21,10 +22,6 @@
      "bootnodes": [
        "enode://d860a01f9722d78051619d1e2351aba3f43f943f6f00718d1b9baa4101932a1f5011f16bb2b1bb35db20d6fe28fa0bf09636d26a87d31de9ec6203eeedb1f666@18.138.108.67:30303",
        "enode://22a8232c3abc76a16ae9d6c3b164f98775fe226f0917b0ca871128a74a8e9630b458460865bab457221f1d448dd9791d24c4e5d88786180ac185df813a68d4de@3.209.45.79:30303",
-        "enode://8499da03c47d637b20eee24eec3c356c9a2e6148d6fe25ca195c7949ab8ec2c03e3556126b0d7ed644675e78c4318b08691b7b57de10e5f0d40d05b09238fa0a@52.187.207.27:30303",
-        "enode://103858bdb88756c71f15e9b5e09b56dc1be52f0a5021d46301dbbfb7e130029cc9d0d6f73f693bc29b665770fff7da4d34f3c6379fe12721b5d7a0bcb5ca1fc1@191.234.162.198:30303",
-        "enode://715171f50508aba88aecd1250af392a45a330af91d7b90701c436b618c86aaa1589c9184561907bebbb56439b8f8787bc01f49a7c77276c58c1b09822d75e8e8@52.231.165.108:30303",
-        "enode://5d6d7cd20d6da4bb83a1d28cadb5d409b64edf314c0335df658c1a54e32c7c4a7ab7823d57c39b6a757556e68ff1df17c748b698544a55cb488b52479a92b60f@104.42.217.25:30303",
        "enode://2b252ab6a1d0f971d9722cb839a42cb81db019ba44c08754628ab4a823487071b5695317c8ccd085219c3a03af063495b2f1da8d18218da2d6a82981b45e6ffc@65.108.70.101:30303",
        "enode://4aeb4ab6c14b23e2c4cfdce879c04b0748a20d8e9b59e25ded2a08143e265c6c25936e74cbc8e641e3312ca288673d91f2f93f8e277de3cfa444ecdaaf982052@157.90.35.166:30303",
        "enode://a979fb575495b8d6db44f750317d0f4622bf4c2aa3365d6af7c284339968eef29b69ad0dce72a4d8db5ebb4968de0e3bec910127f134779fbcb0cb6d3331163c@52.16.188.185:30303",
--- a/consensus/common/src/main/java/org/hyperledger/besu/consensus/common/CombinedProtocolScheduleFactory.java
+++ b/consensus/common/src/main/java/org/hyperledger/besu/consensus/common/CombinedProtocolScheduleFactory.java
@ -49,7 +49,7 @@ public class CombinedProtocolScheduleFactory {
          Optional.ofNullable(forkSpecs.higher(spec)).map(ForkSpec::getBlock);
      protocolSchedule.getScheduledProtocolSpecs().stream()
          .filter(protocolSpecMatchesConsensusBlockRange(spec.getBlock(), endBlock))
-          .forEach(s -> combinedProtocolSchedule.putMilestone(s.getBlock(), s.getSpec()));
+          .forEach(s -> combinedProtocolSchedule.putMilestone(s.milestone(), s.spec()));

      // When moving to a new consensus mechanism we want to use the last milestone but created by
      // our consensus mechanism's BesuControllerBuilder so any additional rules are applied
@ -64,7 +64,7 @@ public class CombinedProtocolScheduleFactory {
  private Predicate<ScheduledProtocolSpec> protocolSpecMatchesConsensusBlockRange(
      final long startBlock, final Optional<Long> endBlock) {
    return scheduledProtocolSpec ->
-        scheduledProtocolSpec.getBlock() >= startBlock
-            && endBlock.map(b -> scheduledProtocolSpec.getBlock() < b).orElse(true);
+        scheduledProtocolSpec.milestone() >= startBlock
+            && endBlock.map(b -> scheduledProtocolSpec.milestone() < b).orElse(true);
  }
 }
--- a/consensus/merge/src/main/java/org/hyperledger/besu/consensus/merge/TransitionProtocolSchedule.java
+++ b/consensus/merge/src/main/java/org/hyperledger/besu/consensus/merge/TransitionProtocolSchedule.java
@ -16,6 +16,7 @@ package org.hyperledger.besu.consensus.merge;

 import org.hyperledger.besu.config.GenesisConfigOptions;
 import org.hyperledger.besu.ethereum.ProtocolContext;
+import org.hyperledger.besu.ethereum.core.BlockHeader;
 import org.hyperledger.besu.ethereum.core.Difficulty;
 import org.hyperledger.besu.ethereum.core.PrivacyParameters;
 import org.hyperledger.besu.ethereum.core.ProcessableBlockHeader;
@ -24,11 +25,13 @@ import org.hyperledger.besu.ethereum.mainnet.HeaderBasedProtocolSchedule;
 import org.hyperledger.besu.ethereum.mainnet.MainnetProtocolSchedule;
 import org.hyperledger.besu.ethereum.mainnet.ProtocolSchedule;
 import org.hyperledger.besu.ethereum.mainnet.ProtocolSpec;
+import org.hyperledger.besu.ethereum.mainnet.ScheduledProtocolSpec;
 import org.hyperledger.besu.ethereum.mainnet.TimestampSchedule;
 import org.hyperledger.besu.ethereum.worldstate.WorldStateArchive;

 import java.math.BigInteger;
 import java.util.Optional;
+import java.util.function.Predicate;
 import java.util.stream.Stream;

 import org.slf4j.Logger;
@ -211,6 +214,20 @@ public class TransitionProtocolSchedule implements ProtocolSchedule {
    return Stream.concat(milestoneBlockNumbers, timestampSchedule.streamMilestoneBlocks());
  }

+  @Override
+  public boolean anyMatch(final Predicate<ScheduledProtocolSpec> predicate) {
+    return timestampSchedule.anyMatch(predicate)
+        || transitionUtils.dispatchFunctionAccordingToMergeState(
+            schedule -> schedule.anyMatch(predicate));
+  }
+
+  @Override
+  public boolean isOnMilestoneBoundary(final BlockHeader blockHeader) {
+    return timestampSchedule.isOnMilestoneBoundary(blockHeader)
+        || transitionUtils.dispatchFunctionAccordingToMergeState(
+            schedule -> schedule.isOnMilestoneBoundary(blockHeader));
+  }
+
  /**
   * Gets chain id.
   *
--- a/consensus/merge/src/test/java/org/hyperledger/besu/consensus/merge/TransitionProtocolScheduleTest.java
+++ b/consensus/merge/src/test/java/org/hyperledger/besu/consensus/merge/TransitionProtocolScheduleTest.java
@ -224,6 +224,68 @@ public class TransitionProtocolScheduleTest {
    verifyPostMergeProtocolScheduleReturnedUsingBlockHeader();
  }

+  @Test
+  public void anyMatch_usesTimestampSchedule() {
+    when(timestampSchedule.anyMatch(any())).thenReturn(true);
+
+    assertThat(transitionProtocolSchedule.anyMatch(__ -> true)).isTrue();
+    verifyNoInteractions(preMergeProtocolSchedule);
+    verifyNoInteractions(postMergeProtocolSchedule);
+  }
+
+  @Test
+  public void anyMatch_delegatesToPreMergeSchedule() {
+    when(mergeContext.isPostMerge()).thenReturn(false);
+
+    when(timestampSchedule.anyMatch(any())).thenReturn(false);
+    when(preMergeProtocolSchedule.anyMatch(any())).thenReturn(true);
+
+    assertThat(transitionProtocolSchedule.anyMatch(__ -> true)).isTrue();
+    verifyNoInteractions(postMergeProtocolSchedule);
+  }
+
+  @Test
+  public void anyMatch_delegatesToPostMergeSchedule() {
+    when(mergeContext.isPostMerge()).thenReturn(true);
+
+    when(timestampSchedule.anyMatch(any())).thenReturn(false);
+    when(postMergeProtocolSchedule.anyMatch(any())).thenReturn(true);
+
+    assertThat(transitionProtocolSchedule.anyMatch(__ -> true)).isTrue();
+    verifyNoInteractions(preMergeProtocolSchedule);
+  }
+
+  @Test
+  public void isOnMilestoneBoundary_usesTimestampSchedule() {
+    when(timestampSchedule.isOnMilestoneBoundary(any(BlockHeader.class))).thenReturn(true);
+
+    assertThat(transitionProtocolSchedule.isOnMilestoneBoundary(blockHeader)).isTrue();
+    verifyNoInteractions(preMergeProtocolSchedule);
+    verifyNoInteractions(postMergeProtocolSchedule);
+  }
+
+  @Test
+  public void isOnMilestoneBoundary_delegatesToPreMergeSchedule() {
+    when(mergeContext.isPostMerge()).thenReturn(false);
+
+    when(timestampSchedule.isOnMilestoneBoundary(any(BlockHeader.class))).thenReturn(false);
+    when(preMergeProtocolSchedule.isOnMilestoneBoundary(any(BlockHeader.class))).thenReturn(true);
+
+    assertThat(transitionProtocolSchedule.isOnMilestoneBoundary(blockHeader)).isTrue();
+    verifyNoInteractions(postMergeProtocolSchedule);
+  }
+
+  @Test
+  public void isOnMilestoneBoundary_delegatesToPostMergeSchedule() {
+    when(mergeContext.isPostMerge()).thenReturn(true);
+
+    when(timestampSchedule.isOnMilestoneBoundary(any(BlockHeader.class))).thenReturn(false);
+    when(postMergeProtocolSchedule.isOnMilestoneBoundary(any(BlockHeader.class))).thenReturn(true);
+
+    assertThat(transitionProtocolSchedule.isOnMilestoneBoundary(blockHeader)).isTrue();
+    verifyNoInteractions(preMergeProtocolSchedule);
+  }
+
  private void verifyPreMergeProtocolScheduleReturnedUsingBlockNumber() {
    verify(preMergeProtocolSchedule).getByBlockNumber(anyLong());
    verifyNoInteractions(postMergeProtocolSchedule);
--- a/consensus/merge/src/test/java/org/hyperledger/besu/consensus/merge/blockcreation/MergeReorgTest.java
+++ b/consensus/merge/src/test/java/org/hyperledger/besu/consensus/merge/blockcreation/MergeReorgTest.java
@ -41,7 +41,7 @@ import org.hyperledger.besu.ethereum.mainnet.ProtocolSchedule;
 import org.hyperledger.besu.ethereum.mainnet.feemarket.BaseFeeMarket;
 import org.hyperledger.besu.ethereum.mainnet.feemarket.LondonFeeMarket;
 import org.hyperledger.besu.ethereum.worldstate.WorldStateArchive;
-import org.hyperledger.besu.util.Log4j2ConfiguratorUtil;
+import org.hyperledger.besu.util.LogConfigurator;

 import java.util.ArrayList;
 import java.util.List;
@ -109,7 +109,7 @@ public class MergeReorgTest implements MergeGenesisConfigHelper {
  @Test
  public void reorgsAcrossTDDToDifferentTargetsWhenNotFinal() {
    // Add N blocks to chain from genesis, where total diff is < TTD
-    Log4j2ConfiguratorUtil.setLevelDebug(BlockHeaderValidator.class.getName());
+    LogConfigurator.setLevel(BlockHeaderValidator.class.getName(), "DEBUG");
    List<Block> endOfWork = subChain(genesisState.getBlock().getHeader(), 10, Difficulty.of(100L));
    endOfWork.stream().forEach(this::appendBlock);
    assertThat(blockchain.getChainHead().getHeight()).isEqualTo(10L);
--- a/ethereum/api/src/main/java/org/hyperledger/besu/ethereum/api/graphql/GraphQLDataFetchers.java
+++ b/ethereum/api/src/main/java/org/hyperledger/besu/ethereum/api/graphql/GraphQLDataFetchers.java
@ -224,9 +224,9 @@ public class GraphQLDataFetchers {
                ws -> {
                  final Account account = ws.get(addr);
                  if (account == null) {
-                    return new EmptyAccountAdapter(addr);
+                    return Optional.of(new EmptyAccountAdapter(addr));
                  }
-                  return new AccountAdapter(account);
+                  return Optional.of(new AccountAdapter(account));
                })
            .or(
                () -> {
@ -246,9 +246,9 @@ public class GraphQLDataFetchers {
            ws -> {
              final Account account = ws.get(addr);
              if (account == null) {
-                return new EmptyAccountAdapter(addr);
+                return Optional.of(new EmptyAccountAdapter(addr));
              }
-              return new AccountAdapter(account);
+              return Optional.of(new AccountAdapter(account));
            });
      }
    };
--- a/ethereum/api/src/main/java/org/hyperledger/besu/ethereum/api/graphql/internal/pojoadapter/BlockAdapterBase.java
+++ b/ethereum/api/src/main/java/org/hyperledger/besu/ethereum/api/graphql/internal/pojoadapter/BlockAdapterBase.java
@ -96,7 +96,7 @@ public class BlockAdapterBase extends AdapterBase {
    }

    return query
-        .getAndMapWorldState(blockNumber, ws -> ws.get(header.getCoinbase()))
+        .getAndMapWorldState(blockNumber, ws -> Optional.ofNullable(ws.get(header.getCoinbase())))
        .map(account -> (AdapterBase) new AccountAdapter(account))
        .or(() -> Optional.of(new EmptyAccountAdapter(header.getCoinbase())));
  }
@ -150,7 +150,7 @@ public class BlockAdapterBase extends AdapterBase {
        bn,
        ws -> {
          final Address address = environment.getArgument("address");
-          return new AccountAdapter(ws.get(address));
+          return Optional.of(new AccountAdapter(ws.get(address)));
        });
  }

--- a/ethereum/api/src/main/java/org/hyperledger/besu/ethereum/api/graphql/internal/pojoadapter/LogAdapter.java
+++ b/ethereum/api/src/main/java/org/hyperledger/besu/ethereum/api/graphql/internal/pojoadapter/LogAdapter.java
@ -64,6 +64,6 @@ public class LogAdapter extends AdapterBase {
    }

    return query.getAndMapWorldState(
-        blockNumber, ws -> new AccountAdapter(ws.get(logWithMetadata.getLogger())));
+        blockNumber, ws -> Optional.of(new AccountAdapter(ws.get(logWithMetadata.getLogger()))));
  }
 }
--- a/ethereum/api/src/main/java/org/hyperledger/besu/ethereum/api/graphql/internal/pojoadapter/PendingStateAdapter.java
+++ b/ethereum/api/src/main/java/org/hyperledger/besu/ethereum/api/graphql/internal/pojoadapter/PendingStateAdapter.java
@ -66,7 +66,7 @@ public class PendingStateAdapter extends AdapterBase {
    final Long blockNumber = dataFetchingEnvironment.getArgument("blockNumber");
    final long latestBlockNumber = blockchainQuery.latestBlock().get().getHeader().getNumber();
    return blockchainQuery
-        .getAndMapWorldState(latestBlockNumber, ws -> ws.get(addr))
+        .getAndMapWorldState(latestBlockNumber, ws -> Optional.ofNullable(ws.get(addr)))
        .map(AccountAdapter::new);
  }

--- a/ethereum/api/src/main/java/org/hyperledger/besu/ethereum/api/graphql/internal/pojoadapter/TransactionAdapter.java
+++ b/ethereum/api/src/main/java/org/hyperledger/besu/ethereum/api/graphql/internal/pojoadapter/TransactionAdapter.java
@ -85,8 +85,9 @@ public class TransactionAdapter extends AdapterBase {
    return query.getAndMapWorldState(
        blockNumber,
        mutableWorldState ->
-            new AccountAdapter(
-                mutableWorldState.get(transactionWithMetadata.getTransaction().getSender())));
+            Optional.of(
+                new AccountAdapter(
+                    mutableWorldState.get(transactionWithMetadata.getTransaction().getSender()))));
  }

  public Optional<AccountAdapter> getTo(final DataFetchingEnvironment environment) {
@ -102,9 +103,7 @@ public class TransactionAdapter extends AdapterBase {
            transactionWithMetadata
                .getTransaction()
                .getTo()
-                .map(address -> new AccountAdapter(address, ws.get(address)))
-                // safe because mapWorldState returns Optional.ofNullable
-                .orElse(null));
+                .map(address -> new AccountAdapter(address, ws.get(address))));
  }

  public Optional<Wei> getValue() {
@ -174,7 +173,8 @@ public class TransactionAdapter extends AdapterBase {
          return Optional.empty();
        }
        final long blockNumber = bn.orElseGet(txBlockNumber::get);
-        return query.getAndMapWorldState(blockNumber, ws -> new AccountAdapter(ws.get(addr.get())));
+        return query.getAndMapWorldState(
+            blockNumber, ws -> Optional.of(new AccountAdapter(ws.get(addr.get()))));
      }
    }
    return Optional.empty();
--- a/ethereum/api/src/main/java/org/hyperledger/besu/ethereum/api/jsonrpc/internal/methods/AbstractTraceByHash.java
+++ b/ethereum/api/src/main/java/org/hyperledger/besu/ethereum/api/jsonrpc/internal/methods/AbstractTraceByHash.java
@ -17,6 +17,7 @@ package org.hyperledger.besu.ethereum.api.jsonrpc.internal.methods;
 import org.hyperledger.besu.datatypes.Hash;
 import org.hyperledger.besu.ethereum.api.jsonrpc.internal.processor.BlockTrace;
 import org.hyperledger.besu.ethereum.api.jsonrpc.internal.processor.BlockTracer;
+import org.hyperledger.besu.ethereum.api.jsonrpc.internal.processor.Tracer;
 import org.hyperledger.besu.ethereum.api.jsonrpc.internal.processor.TransactionTrace;
 import org.hyperledger.besu.ethereum.api.jsonrpc.internal.results.tracing.flat.FlatTrace;
 import org.hyperledger.besu.ethereum.api.jsonrpc.internal.results.tracing.flat.FlatTraceGenerator;
@ -28,6 +29,7 @@ import org.hyperledger.besu.ethereum.mainnet.ProtocolSchedule;
 import org.hyperledger.besu.ethereum.vm.DebugOperationTracer;

 import java.util.Collections;
+import java.util.Optional;
 import java.util.function.Supplier;
 import java.util.stream.Stream;

@ -62,19 +64,33 @@ public abstract class AbstractTraceByHash implements JsonRpcMethod {
    if (block == null || block.getBody().getTransactions().isEmpty()) {
      return Stream.empty();
    }
-    final TransactionTrace transactionTrace = getTransactionTrace(block, transactionHash);
-    return getTraceStream(transactionTrace, block);
+    return Tracer.processTracing(
+            blockchainQueries,
+            Optional.of(block.getHeader()),
+            mutableWorldState -> {
+              final TransactionTrace transactionTrace = getTransactionTrace(block, transactionHash);
+              return Optional.ofNullable(getTraceStream(transactionTrace, block));
+            })
+        .orElse(Stream.empty());
  }

  private TransactionTrace getTransactionTrace(final Block block, final Hash transactionHash) {
-    return blockTracerSupplier
-        .get()
-        .trace(block, new DebugOperationTracer(new TraceOptions(false, false, true)))
-        .map(BlockTrace::getTransactionTraces)
-        .orElse(Collections.emptyList())
-        .stream()
-        .filter(trxTrace -> trxTrace.getTransaction().getHash().equals(transactionHash))
-        .findFirst()
+    return Tracer.processTracing(
+            blockchainQueries,
+            Optional.of(block.getHeader()),
+            mutableWorldState -> {
+              return blockTracerSupplier
+                  .get()
+                  .trace(
+                      mutableWorldState,
+                      block,
+                      new DebugOperationTracer(new TraceOptions(false, false, true)))
+                  .map(BlockTrace::getTransactionTraces)
+                  .orElse(Collections.emptyList())
+                  .stream()
+                  .filter(trxTrace -> trxTrace.getTransaction().getHash().equals(transactionHash))
+                  .findFirst();
+            })
        .orElseThrow();
  }

--- a/ethereum/api/src/main/java/org/hyperledger/besu/ethereum/api/jsonrpc/internal/methods/AdminChangeLogLevel.java
+++ b/ethereum/api/src/main/java/org/hyperledger/besu/ethereum/api/jsonrpc/internal/methods/AdminChangeLogLevel.java
@ -21,13 +21,12 @@ import org.hyperledger.besu.ethereum.api.jsonrpc.internal.response.JsonRpcError;
 import org.hyperledger.besu.ethereum.api.jsonrpc.internal.response.JsonRpcErrorResponse;
 import org.hyperledger.besu.ethereum.api.jsonrpc.internal.response.JsonRpcResponse;
 import org.hyperledger.besu.ethereum.api.jsonrpc.internal.response.JsonRpcSuccessResponse;
-import org.hyperledger.besu.util.Log4j2ConfiguratorUtil;
+import org.hyperledger.besu.util.LogConfigurator;

 import java.util.Arrays;
 import java.util.Optional;
 import java.util.Set;

-import org.apache.logging.log4j.Level;
 import org.slf4j.Logger;
 import org.slf4j.LoggerFactory;

@ -45,12 +44,11 @@ public class AdminChangeLogLevel implements JsonRpcMethod {
  @Override
  public JsonRpcResponse response(final JsonRpcRequestContext requestContext) {
    try {
-      final String rawLogLevel = requestContext.getRequiredParameter(0, String.class);
-      if (!VALID_PARAMS.contains(rawLogLevel)) {
+      final String logLevel = requestContext.getRequiredParameter(0, String.class);
+      if (!VALID_PARAMS.contains(logLevel)) {
        return new JsonRpcErrorResponse(
            requestContext.getRequest().getId(), JsonRpcError.INVALID_PARAMS);
      }
-      final Level logLevel = Level.toLevel(rawLogLevel);
      final Optional<String[]> optionalLogFilters =
          requestContext.getOptionalParameter(1, String[].class);
      optionalLogFilters.ifPresentOrElse(
@ -64,8 +62,8 @@ public class AdminChangeLogLevel implements JsonRpcMethod {
    }
  }

-  private void setLogLevel(final String logFilter, final Level logLevel) {
-    LOG.debug("Setting {} logging level to {} ", logFilter, logLevel.name());
-    Log4j2ConfiguratorUtil.setAllLevels(logFilter, logLevel);
+  private void setLogLevel(final String logFilter, final String logLevel) {
+    LOG.debug("Setting {} logging level to {} ", logFilter, logLevel);
+    LogConfigurator.setLevel(logFilter, logLevel);
  }
 }
--- a/ethereum/api/src/main/java/org/hyperledger/besu/ethereum/api/jsonrpc/internal/methods/DebugAccountAt.java
+++ b/ethereum/api/src/main/java/org/hyperledger/besu/ethereum/api/jsonrpc/internal/methods/DebugAccountAt.java
@ -21,6 +21,7 @@ import org.hyperledger.besu.ethereum.api.jsonrpc.internal.JsonRpcRequestContext;
 import org.hyperledger.besu.ethereum.api.jsonrpc.internal.parameters.BlockParameterOrBlockHash;
 import org.hyperledger.besu.ethereum.api.jsonrpc.internal.processor.BlockTrace;
 import org.hyperledger.besu.ethereum.api.jsonrpc.internal.processor.BlockTracer;
+import org.hyperledger.besu.ethereum.api.jsonrpc.internal.processor.Tracer;
 import org.hyperledger.besu.ethereum.api.jsonrpc.internal.processor.TransactionTrace;
 import org.hyperledger.besu.ethereum.api.jsonrpc.internal.response.JsonRpcError;
 import org.hyperledger.besu.ethereum.api.jsonrpc.internal.response.JsonRpcErrorResponse;
@ -87,42 +88,56 @@ public class DebugAccountAt extends AbstractBlockParameterOrBlockHashMethod {
          requestContext.getRequest().getId(), JsonRpcError.INVALID_PARAMS);
    }

-    final Optional<TransactionTrace> transactionTrace =
-        blockTracerSupplier
-            .get()
-            .trace(blockHash, new DebugOperationTracer(new TraceOptions(false, true, true)))
-            .map(BlockTrace::getTransactionTraces)
-            .orElse(Collections.emptyList())
-            .stream()
-            .filter(
-                trxTrace ->
-                    trxTrace
-                        .getTransaction()
-                        .getHash()
-                        .equals(transactions.get(txIndex).getTransaction().getHash()))
-            .findFirst();
-
-    if (transactionTrace.isEmpty()) {
-      return new JsonRpcErrorResponse(
-          requestContext.getRequest().getId(), JsonRpcError.TRANSACTION_NOT_FOUND);
-    }
-
-    Optional<Account> account =
-        transactionTrace.get().getTraceFrames().stream()
-            .map(traceFrame -> traceFrame.getWorldUpdater().get(address))
-            .filter(Objects::nonNull)
-            .filter(a -> a.getAddress().equals(address))
-            .findFirst();
-    if (account.isEmpty()) {
-      return new JsonRpcErrorResponse(
-          requestContext.getRequest().getId(), JsonRpcError.NO_ACCOUNT_FOUND);
-    }
-
-    return debugAccountAtResult(
-        account.get().getCode(),
-        Quantity.create(account.get().getNonce()),
-        Quantity.create(account.get().getBalance()),
-        Quantity.create(account.get().getCodeHash()));
+    return Tracer.processTracing(
+            blockchainQueries.get(),
+            Optional.of(block.get().getHeader()),
+            mutableWorldState -> {
+              final Optional<TransactionTrace> transactionTrace =
+                  blockTracerSupplier
+                      .get()
+                      .trace(
+                          mutableWorldState,
+                          blockHash,
+                          new DebugOperationTracer(new TraceOptions(false, true, true)))
+                      .map(BlockTrace::getTransactionTraces)
+                      .orElse(Collections.emptyList())
+                      .stream()
+                      .filter(
+                          trxTrace ->
+                              trxTrace
+                                  .getTransaction()
+                                  .getHash()
+                                  .equals(transactions.get(txIndex).getTransaction().getHash()))
+                      .findFirst();
+
+              if (transactionTrace.isEmpty()) {
+                return Optional.of(
+                    new JsonRpcErrorResponse(
+                        requestContext.getRequest().getId(), JsonRpcError.TRANSACTION_NOT_FOUND));
+              }
+
+              Optional<Account> account =
+                  transactionTrace.get().getTraceFrames().stream()
+                      .map(traceFrame -> traceFrame.getWorldUpdater().get(address))
+                      .filter(Objects::nonNull)
+                      .filter(a -> a.getAddress().equals(address))
+                      .findFirst();
+              if (account.isEmpty()) {
+                return Optional.of(
+                    new JsonRpcErrorResponse(
+                        requestContext.getRequest().getId(), JsonRpcError.NO_ACCOUNT_FOUND));
+              }
+
+              return Optional.of(
+                  debugAccountAtResult(
+                      account.get().getCode(),
+                      Quantity.create(account.get().getNonce()),
+                      Quantity.create(account.get().getBalance()),
+                      Quantity.create(account.get().getCodeHash())));
+            })
+        .orElse(
+            new JsonRpcErrorResponse(
+                requestContext.getRequest().getId(), JsonRpcError.WORLD_STATE_UNAVAILABLE));
  }

  protected ImmutableDebugAccountAtResult debugAccountAtResult(
--- a/ethereum/api/src/main/java/org/hyperledger/besu/ethereum/api/jsonrpc/internal/methods/DebugAccountRange.java
+++ b/ethereum/api/src/main/java/org/hyperledger/besu/ethereum/api/jsonrpc/internal/methods/DebugAccountRange.java
@ -88,15 +88,17 @@ public class DebugAccountRange implements JsonRpcMethod {
                accounts.remove(maxResults);
              }

-              return new JsonRpcSuccessResponse(
-                  requestContext.getRequest().getId(),
-                  new DebugAccountRangeAtResult(
-                      accounts.stream()
-                          .collect(
-                              Collectors.toMap(
-                                  account -> account.getAddressHash().toString(),
-                                  account -> account.getAddress().orElse(Address.ZERO).toString())),
-                      nextKey.toString()));
+              return Optional.of(
+                  new JsonRpcSuccessResponse(
+                      requestContext.getRequest().getId(),
+                      new DebugAccountRangeAtResult(
+                          accounts.stream()
+                              .collect(
+                                  Collectors.toMap(
+                                      account -> account.getAddressHash().toString(),
+                                      account ->
+                                          account.getAddress().orElse(Address.ZERO).toString())),
+                          nextKey.toString())));
            })
        .orElse(emptyResponse(requestContext));
  }
--- a/ethereum/api/src/main/java/org/hyperledger/besu/ethereum/api/jsonrpc/internal/methods/DebugStandardTraceBlockToFile.java
+++ b/ethereum/api/src/main/java/org/hyperledger/besu/ethereum/api/jsonrpc/internal/methods/DebugStandardTraceBlockToFile.java
@ -20,6 +20,7 @@ import org.hyperledger.besu.datatypes.Hash;
 import org.hyperledger.besu.ethereum.api.jsonrpc.RpcMethod;
 import org.hyperledger.besu.ethereum.api.jsonrpc.internal.JsonRpcRequestContext;
 import org.hyperledger.besu.ethereum.api.jsonrpc.internal.parameters.TransactionTraceParams;
+import org.hyperledger.besu.ethereum.api.jsonrpc.internal.processor.Tracer;
 import org.hyperledger.besu.ethereum.api.jsonrpc.internal.processor.TransactionTracer;
 import org.hyperledger.besu.ethereum.api.jsonrpc.internal.response.JsonRpcError;
 import org.hyperledger.besu.ethereum.api.jsonrpc.internal.response.JsonRpcErrorResponse;
@ -29,11 +30,11 @@ import org.hyperledger.besu.ethereum.api.query.BlockchainQueries;
 import org.hyperledger.besu.ethereum.core.Block;

 import java.nio.file.Path;
+import java.util.ArrayList;
 import java.util.List;
 import java.util.Optional;
 import java.util.function.Supplier;

-import com.fasterxml.jackson.databind.ObjectMapper;
 import com.google.common.base.Suppliers;

 public class DebugStandardTraceBlockToFile implements JsonRpcMethod {
@ -79,14 +80,18 @@ public class DebugStandardTraceBlockToFile implements JsonRpcMethod {

  protected List<String> traceBlock(
      final Block block, final Optional<TransactionTraceParams> transactionTraceParams) {
-    return transactionTracerSupplier
-        .get()
-        .traceTransactionToFile(
-            block.getHash(), transactionTraceParams, dataDir.resolve(TRACE_PATH));
-  }
-
-  protected Object emptyResult() {
-    final ObjectMapper mapper = new ObjectMapper();
-    return mapper.createArrayNode();
+    return Tracer.processTracing(
+            blockchainQueries.get(),
+            Optional.of(block.getHeader()),
+            mutableWorldState ->
+                Optional.of(
+                    transactionTracerSupplier
+                        .get()
+                        .traceTransactionToFile(
+                            mutableWorldState,
+                            block.getHash(),
+                            transactionTraceParams,
+                            dataDir.resolve(TRACE_PATH))))
+        .orElse(new ArrayList<>());
  }
 }
--- a/ethereum/api/src/main/java/org/hyperledger/besu/ethereum/api/jsonrpc/internal/methods/DebugStorageRangeAt.java
+++ b/ethereum/api/src/main/java/org/hyperledger/besu/ethereum/api/jsonrpc/internal/methods/DebugStorageRangeAt.java
@ -20,6 +20,8 @@ import org.hyperledger.besu.ethereum.api.jsonrpc.RpcMethod;
 import org.hyperledger.besu.ethereum.api.jsonrpc.internal.JsonRpcRequestContext;
 import org.hyperledger.besu.ethereum.api.jsonrpc.internal.parameters.BlockParameterOrBlockHash;
 import org.hyperledger.besu.ethereum.api.jsonrpc.internal.processor.BlockReplay;
+import org.hyperledger.besu.ethereum.api.jsonrpc.internal.processor.Tracer;
+import org.hyperledger.besu.ethereum.api.jsonrpc.internal.processor.Tracer.TraceableState;
 import org.hyperledger.besu.ethereum.api.jsonrpc.internal.response.JsonRpcResponse;
 import org.hyperledger.besu.ethereum.api.jsonrpc.internal.response.JsonRpcSuccessResponse;
 import org.hyperledger.besu.ethereum.api.jsonrpc.internal.results.DebugStorageRangeAtResult;
@ -29,7 +31,6 @@ import org.hyperledger.besu.ethereum.api.query.TransactionWithMetadata;
 import org.hyperledger.besu.ethereum.core.BlockHeader;
 import org.hyperledger.besu.evm.account.Account;
 import org.hyperledger.besu.evm.account.AccountStorageEntry;
-import org.hyperledger.besu.evm.worldstate.WorldState;

 import java.util.Collections;
 import java.util.NavigableMap;
@ -85,36 +86,38 @@ public class DebugStorageRangeAt implements JsonRpcMethod {
      return emptyResponse(requestContext);
    }

-    final Optional<TransactionWithMetadata> optional =
+    final Optional<TransactionWithMetadata> maybeTransactionIndex =
        blockchainQueries.get().transactionByBlockHashAndIndex(blockHash, transactionIndex);

-    return optional
-        .map(
-            transactionWithMetadata ->
-                (blockReplay
+    return Tracer.processTracing(
+            blockchainQueries.get(),
+            Optional.of(blockHeaderOptional.get()),
+            mutableWorldState -> {
+              if (maybeTransactionIndex.isEmpty()) {
+                return Optional.of(
+                    extractStorageAt(
+                        requestContext, accountAddress, startKey, limit, mutableWorldState));
+              } else {
+                return blockReplay
                    .get()
                    .afterTransactionInBlock(
+                        mutableWorldState,
                        blockHash,
-                        transactionWithMetadata.getTransaction().getHash(),
+                        maybeTransactionIndex.get().getTransaction().getHash(),
                        (transaction,
                            blockHeader,
                            blockchain,
-                            worldState,
                            transactionProcessor,
                            protocolSpec) ->
                            extractStorageAt(
-                                requestContext, accountAddress, startKey, limit, worldState))
-                    .orElseGet(() -> emptyResponse(requestContext))))
-        .orElseGet(
-            () ->
-                blockchainQueries
-                    .get()
-                    .getAndMapWorldState(
-                        blockHeaderOptional.get().getNumber(),
-                        worldState ->
-                            extractStorageAt(
-                                requestContext, accountAddress, startKey, limit, worldState))
-                    .orElseGet(() -> emptyResponse(requestContext)));
+                                requestContext,
+                                accountAddress,
+                                startKey,
+                                limit,
+                                mutableWorldState));
+              }
+            })
+        .orElse(emptyResponse(requestContext));
  }

  private Optional<Hash> hashFromParameter(final BlockParameterOrBlockHash blockParameter) {
@ -137,7 +140,7 @@ public class DebugStorageRangeAt implements JsonRpcMethod {
      final Address accountAddress,
      final Hash startKey,
      final int limit,
-      final WorldState worldState) {
+      final TraceableState worldState) {
    final Account account = worldState.get(accountAddress);
    final NavigableMap<Bytes32, AccountStorageEntry> entries =
        account.storageEntriesFrom(startKey, limit + 1);
--- a/ethereum/api/src/main/java/org/hyperledger/besu/ethereum/api/jsonrpc/internal/methods/DebugTraceBlock.java
+++ b/ethereum/api/src/main/java/org/hyperledger/besu/ethereum/api/jsonrpc/internal/methods/DebugTraceBlock.java
@ -19,6 +19,7 @@ import org.hyperledger.besu.ethereum.api.jsonrpc.internal.JsonRpcRequestContext;
 import org.hyperledger.besu.ethereum.api.jsonrpc.internal.parameters.TransactionTraceParams;
 import org.hyperledger.besu.ethereum.api.jsonrpc.internal.processor.BlockTrace;
 import org.hyperledger.besu.ethereum.api.jsonrpc.internal.processor.BlockTracer;
+import org.hyperledger.besu.ethereum.api.jsonrpc.internal.processor.Tracer;
 import org.hyperledger.besu.ethereum.api.jsonrpc.internal.response.JsonRpcError;
 import org.hyperledger.besu.ethereum.api.jsonrpc.internal.response.JsonRpcErrorResponse;
 import org.hyperledger.besu.ethereum.api.jsonrpc.internal.response.JsonRpcResponse;
@ -33,6 +34,7 @@ import org.hyperledger.besu.ethereum.rlp.RLPException;
 import org.hyperledger.besu.ethereum.vm.DebugOperationTracer;

 import java.util.Collection;
+import java.util.Optional;
 import java.util.function.Supplier;

 import org.apache.tuweni.bytes.Bytes;
@ -79,11 +81,16 @@ public class DebugTraceBlock implements JsonRpcMethod {

    if (this.blockchain.blockByHash(block.getHeader().getParentHash()).isPresent()) {
      final Collection<DebugTraceTransactionResult> results =
-          blockTracerSupplier
-              .get()
-              .trace(block, new DebugOperationTracer(traceOptions))
-              .map(BlockTrace::getTransactionTraces)
-              .map(DebugTraceTransactionResult::of)
+          Tracer.processTracing(
+                  blockchain,
+                  Optional.of(block.getHeader()),
+                  mutableWorldState -> {
+                    return blockTracerSupplier
+                        .get()
+                        .trace(mutableWorldState, block, new DebugOperationTracer(traceOptions))
+                        .map(BlockTrace::getTransactionTraces)
+                        .map(DebugTraceTransactionResult::of);
+                  })
              .orElse(null);
      return new JsonRpcSuccessResponse(requestContext.getRequest().getId(), results);
    } else {
--- a/ethereum/api/src/main/java/org/hyperledger/besu/ethereum/api/jsonrpc/internal/methods/DebugTraceBlockByHash.java
+++ b/ethereum/api/src/main/java/org/hyperledger/besu/ethereum/api/jsonrpc/internal/methods/DebugTraceBlockByHash.java
@ -20,9 +20,11 @@ import org.hyperledger.besu.ethereum.api.jsonrpc.internal.JsonRpcRequestContext;
 import org.hyperledger.besu.ethereum.api.jsonrpc.internal.parameters.TransactionTraceParams;
 import org.hyperledger.besu.ethereum.api.jsonrpc.internal.processor.BlockTrace;
 import org.hyperledger.besu.ethereum.api.jsonrpc.internal.processor.BlockTracer;
+import org.hyperledger.besu.ethereum.api.jsonrpc.internal.processor.Tracer;
 import org.hyperledger.besu.ethereum.api.jsonrpc.internal.response.JsonRpcResponse;
 import org.hyperledger.besu.ethereum.api.jsonrpc.internal.response.JsonRpcSuccessResponse;
 import org.hyperledger.besu.ethereum.api.jsonrpc.internal.results.DebugTraceTransactionResult;
+import org.hyperledger.besu.ethereum.api.query.BlockchainQueries;
 import org.hyperledger.besu.ethereum.debug.TraceOptions;
 import org.hyperledger.besu.ethereum.vm.DebugOperationTracer;

@ -32,9 +34,13 @@ import java.util.function.Supplier;
 public class DebugTraceBlockByHash implements JsonRpcMethod {

  private final Supplier<BlockTracer> blockTracerSupplier;
+  private final Supplier<BlockchainQueries> blockchainQueries;

-  public DebugTraceBlockByHash(final Supplier<BlockTracer> blockTracerSupplier) {
+  public DebugTraceBlockByHash(
+      final Supplier<BlockTracer> blockTracerSupplier,
+      final Supplier<BlockchainQueries> blockchainQueriesSupplier) {
    this.blockTracerSupplier = blockTracerSupplier;
+    this.blockchainQueries = blockchainQueriesSupplier;
  }

  @Override
@ -52,11 +58,15 @@ public class DebugTraceBlockByHash implements JsonRpcMethod {
            .orElse(TraceOptions.DEFAULT);

    final Collection<DebugTraceTransactionResult> results =
-        blockTracerSupplier
-            .get()
-            .trace(blockHash, new DebugOperationTracer(traceOptions))
-            .map(BlockTrace::getTransactionTraces)
-            .map(DebugTraceTransactionResult::of)
+        Tracer.processTracing(
+                blockchainQueries.get(),
+                blockHash,
+                mutableWorldState ->
+                    blockTracerSupplier
+                        .get()
+                        .trace(mutableWorldState, blockHash, new DebugOperationTracer(traceOptions))
+                        .map(BlockTrace::getTransactionTraces)
+                        .map(DebugTraceTransactionResult::of))
            .orElse(null);
    return new JsonRpcSuccessResponse(requestContext.getRequest().getId(), results);
  }
--- a/ethereum/api/src/main/java/org/hyperledger/besu/ethereum/api/jsonrpc/internal/methods/DebugTraceBlockByNumber.java
+++ b/ethereum/api/src/main/java/org/hyperledger/besu/ethereum/api/jsonrpc/internal/methods/DebugTraceBlockByNumber.java
@ -21,6 +21,7 @@ import org.hyperledger.besu.ethereum.api.jsonrpc.internal.parameters.BlockParame
 import org.hyperledger.besu.ethereum.api.jsonrpc.internal.parameters.TransactionTraceParams;
 import org.hyperledger.besu.ethereum.api.jsonrpc.internal.processor.BlockTrace;
 import org.hyperledger.besu.ethereum.api.jsonrpc.internal.processor.BlockTracer;
+import org.hyperledger.besu.ethereum.api.jsonrpc.internal.processor.Tracer;
 import org.hyperledger.besu.ethereum.api.jsonrpc.internal.results.DebugTraceTransactionResult;
 import org.hyperledger.besu.ethereum.api.query.BlockchainQueries;
 import org.hyperledger.besu.ethereum.debug.TraceOptions;
@ -62,11 +63,16 @@ public class DebugTraceBlockByNumber extends AbstractBlockParameterMethod {
    return blockHash
        .flatMap(
            hash ->
-                blockTracerSupplier
-                    .get()
-                    .trace(hash, new DebugOperationTracer(traceOptions))
-                    .map(BlockTrace::getTransactionTraces)
-                    .map(DebugTraceTransactionResult::of))
+                Tracer.processTracing(
+                    blockchainQueriesSupplier.get(),
+                    hash,
+                    mutableWorldState -> {
+                      return blockTracerSupplier
+                          .get()
+                          .trace(mutableWorldState, hash, new DebugOperationTracer(traceOptions))
+                          .map(BlockTrace::getTransactionTraces)
+                          .map(DebugTraceTransactionResult::of);
+                    }))
        .orElse(null);
  }
 }
--- a/ethereum/api/src/main/java/org/hyperledger/besu/ethereum/api/jsonrpc/internal/methods/DebugTraceTransaction.java
+++ b/ethereum/api/src/main/java/org/hyperledger/besu/ethereum/api/jsonrpc/internal/methods/DebugTraceTransaction.java
@ -18,6 +18,7 @@ import org.hyperledger.besu.datatypes.Hash;
 import org.hyperledger.besu.ethereum.api.jsonrpc.RpcMethod;
 import org.hyperledger.besu.ethereum.api.jsonrpc.internal.JsonRpcRequestContext;
 import org.hyperledger.besu.ethereum.api.jsonrpc.internal.parameters.TransactionTraceParams;
+import org.hyperledger.besu.ethereum.api.jsonrpc.internal.processor.Tracer;
 import org.hyperledger.besu.ethereum.api.jsonrpc.internal.processor.TransactionTracer;
 import org.hyperledger.besu.ethereum.api.jsonrpc.internal.response.JsonRpcResponse;
 import org.hyperledger.besu.ethereum.api.jsonrpc.internal.response.JsonRpcSuccessResponse;
@ -74,9 +75,13 @@ public class DebugTraceTransaction implements JsonRpcMethod {

    final DebugOperationTracer execTracer = new DebugOperationTracer(traceOptions);

-    return transactionTracer
-        .traceTransaction(blockHash, hash, execTracer)
-        .map(DebugTraceTransactionResult::new)
+    return Tracer.processTracing(
+            blockchain,
+            blockHash,
+            mutableWorldState ->
+                transactionTracer
+                    .traceTransaction(mutableWorldState, blockHash, hash, execTracer)
+                    .map(DebugTraceTransactionResult::new))
        .orElse(null);
  }
 }
--- a/ethereum/api/src/main/java/org/hyperledger/besu/ethereum/api/jsonrpc/internal/methods/EthGetProof.java
+++ b/ethereum/api/src/main/java/org/hyperledger/besu/ethereum/api/jsonrpc/internal/methods/EthGetProof.java
@ -72,9 +72,12 @@ public class EthGetProof extends AbstractBlockParameterOrBlockHashMethod {
                              new JsonRpcSuccessResponse(
                                  requestContext.getRequest().getId(),
                                  GetProofResult.buildGetProofResult(address, proof)))
-                  .orElse(
-                      new JsonRpcErrorResponse(
-                          requestContext.getRequest().getId(), JsonRpcError.NO_ACCOUNT_FOUND));
+                  .or(
+                      () ->
+                          Optional.of(
+                              new JsonRpcErrorResponse(
+                                  requestContext.getRequest().getId(),
+                                  JsonRpcError.NO_ACCOUNT_FOUND)));
            })
        .orElse(
            new JsonRpcErrorResponse(
--- a/ethereum/api/src/main/java/org/hyperledger/besu/ethereum/api/jsonrpc/internal/methods/TraceBlock.java
+++ b/ethereum/api/src/main/java/org/hyperledger/besu/ethereum/api/jsonrpc/internal/methods/TraceBlock.java
@ -19,6 +19,7 @@ import org.hyperledger.besu.ethereum.api.jsonrpc.internal.JsonRpcRequestContext;
 import org.hyperledger.besu.ethereum.api.jsonrpc.internal.parameters.BlockParameter;
 import org.hyperledger.besu.ethereum.api.jsonrpc.internal.parameters.FilterParameter;
 import org.hyperledger.besu.ethereum.api.jsonrpc.internal.processor.BlockTracer;
+import org.hyperledger.besu.ethereum.api.jsonrpc.internal.processor.Tracer;
 import org.hyperledger.besu.ethereum.api.jsonrpc.internal.processor.TransactionTrace;
 import org.hyperledger.besu.ethereum.api.jsonrpc.internal.results.tracing.flat.FlatTraceGenerator;
 import org.hyperledger.besu.ethereum.api.jsonrpc.internal.results.tracing.flat.RewardTraceGenerator;
@ -89,15 +90,27 @@ public class TraceBlock extends AbstractBlockParameterMethod {
    }
    final ArrayNodeWrapper resultArrayNode = new ArrayNodeWrapper(MAPPER.createArrayNode());

-    blockTracerSupplier
-        .get()
-        .trace(block, new DebugOperationTracer(new TraceOptions(false, false, true)))
-        .ifPresent(
-            blockTrace ->
-                generateTracesFromTransactionTraceAndBlock(
-                    filterParameter, blockTrace.getTransactionTraces(), block, resultArrayNode));
-
-    generateRewardsFromBlock(filterParameter, block, resultArrayNode);
+    Tracer.processTracing(
+        blockchainQueriesSupplier.get(),
+        Optional.of(block.getHeader()),
+        mutableWorldState -> {
+          blockTracerSupplier
+              .get()
+              .trace(
+                  mutableWorldState,
+                  block,
+                  new DebugOperationTracer(new TraceOptions(false, false, true)))
+              .ifPresent(
+                  blockTrace ->
+                      generateTracesFromTransactionTraceAndBlock(
+                          filterParameter,
+                          blockTrace.getTransactionTraces(),
+                          block,
+                          resultArrayNode));
+
+          generateRewardsFromBlock(filterParameter, block, resultArrayNode);
+          return Optional.empty();
+        });

    return resultArrayNode;
  }
--- a/ethereum/api/src/main/java/org/hyperledger/besu/ethereum/api/jsonrpc/internal/methods/TraceCallMany.java
+++ b/ethereum/api/src/main/java/org/hyperledger/besu/ethereum/api/jsonrpc/internal/methods/TraceCallMany.java
@ -130,20 +130,20 @@ public class TraceCallMany extends TraceCall implements JsonRpcMethod {
                        });
              } catch (final TransactionInvalidException e) {
                LOG.error("Invalid transaction simulator result");
-                return new JsonRpcErrorResponse(
-                    requestContext.getRequest().getId(), INTERNAL_ERROR);
+                return Optional.of(
+                    new JsonRpcErrorResponse(requestContext.getRequest().getId(), INTERNAL_ERROR));
              } catch (final EmptySimulatorResultException e) {
                LOG.error(
                    "Empty simulator result, call params: {}, blockHeader: {} ",
                    JsonCallParameterUtil.validateAndGetCallParams(requestContext),
                    blockHeader);
-                return new JsonRpcErrorResponse(
-                    requestContext.getRequest().getId(), INTERNAL_ERROR);
+                return Optional.of(
+                    new JsonRpcErrorResponse(requestContext.getRequest().getId(), INTERNAL_ERROR));
              } catch (final Exception e) {
-                return new JsonRpcErrorResponse(
-                    requestContext.getRequest().getId(), INTERNAL_ERROR);
+                return Optional.of(
+                    new JsonRpcErrorResponse(requestContext.getRequest().getId(), INTERNAL_ERROR));
              }
-              return traceCallResults;
+              return Optional.of(traceCallResults);
            });
  }

--- a/ethereum/api/src/main/java/org/hyperledger/besu/ethereum/api/jsonrpc/internal/methods/TraceReplayBlockTransactions.java
+++ b/ethereum/api/src/main/java/org/hyperledger/besu/ethereum/api/jsonrpc/internal/methods/TraceReplayBlockTransactions.java
@ -24,6 +24,7 @@ import org.hyperledger.besu.ethereum.api.jsonrpc.internal.parameters.TraceTypePa
 import org.hyperledger.besu.ethereum.api.jsonrpc.internal.parameters.TraceTypeParameter.TraceType;
 import org.hyperledger.besu.ethereum.api.jsonrpc.internal.processor.BlockTrace;
 import org.hyperledger.besu.ethereum.api.jsonrpc.internal.processor.BlockTracer;
+import org.hyperledger.besu.ethereum.api.jsonrpc.internal.processor.Tracer;
 import org.hyperledger.besu.ethereum.api.jsonrpc.internal.processor.TransactionTrace;
 import org.hyperledger.besu.ethereum.api.jsonrpc.internal.results.tracing.TraceFormatter;
 import org.hyperledger.besu.ethereum.api.jsonrpc.internal.results.tracing.TraceWriter;
@ -113,11 +114,16 @@ public class TraceReplayBlockTransactions extends AbstractBlockParameterMethod {
    final TraceOptions traceOptions =
        new TraceOptions(false, false, traceTypes.contains(VM_TRACE) || traceTypes.contains(TRACE));

-    return blockTracerSupplier
-        .get()
-        .trace(block, new DebugOperationTracer(traceOptions))
-        .map(BlockTrace::getTransactionTraces)
-        .map((traces) -> generateTracesFromTransactionTrace(traces, block, traceTypes))
+    return Tracer.processTracing(
+            blockchainQueriesSupplier.get(),
+            Optional.of(block.getHeader()),
+            mutableWorldState -> {
+              return blockTracerSupplier
+                  .get()
+                  .trace(mutableWorldState, block, new DebugOperationTracer(traceOptions))
+                  .map(BlockTrace::getTransactionTraces)
+                  .map((traces) -> generateTracesFromTransactionTrace(traces, block, traceTypes));
+            })
        .orElse(null);
  }

--- a/ethereum/api/src/main/java/org/hyperledger/besu/ethereum/api/jsonrpc/internal/processor/BlockReplay.java
+++ b/ethereum/api/src/main/java/org/hyperledger/besu/ethereum/api/jsonrpc/internal/processor/BlockReplay.java
@ -17,11 +17,11 @@ package org.hyperledger.besu.ethereum.api.jsonrpc.internal.processor;
 import org.hyperledger.besu.datatypes.DataGas;
 import org.hyperledger.besu.datatypes.Hash;
 import org.hyperledger.besu.datatypes.Wei;
+import org.hyperledger.besu.ethereum.api.jsonrpc.internal.processor.Tracer.TraceableState;
 import org.hyperledger.besu.ethereum.chain.Blockchain;
 import org.hyperledger.besu.ethereum.core.Block;
 import org.hyperledger.besu.ethereum.core.BlockBody;
 import org.hyperledger.besu.ethereum.core.BlockHeader;
-import org.hyperledger.besu.ethereum.core.MutableWorldState;
 import org.hyperledger.besu.ethereum.core.Transaction;
 import org.hyperledger.besu.ethereum.mainnet.MainnetTransactionProcessor;
 import org.hyperledger.besu.ethereum.mainnet.ProtocolSchedule;
@ -29,7 +29,6 @@ import org.hyperledger.besu.ethereum.mainnet.ProtocolSpec;
 import org.hyperledger.besu.ethereum.mainnet.TransactionValidationParams;
 import org.hyperledger.besu.ethereum.vm.BlockHashLookup;
 import org.hyperledger.besu.ethereum.vm.CachingBlockHashLookup;
-import org.hyperledger.besu.ethereum.worldstate.WorldStateArchive;

 import java.util.List;
 import java.util.Optional;
@ -38,15 +37,10 @@ public class BlockReplay {

  private final ProtocolSchedule protocolSchedule;
  private final Blockchain blockchain;
-  private final WorldStateArchive worldStateArchive;

-  public BlockReplay(
-      final ProtocolSchedule protocolSchedule,
-      final Blockchain blockchain,
-      final WorldStateArchive worldStateArchive) {
+  public BlockReplay(final ProtocolSchedule protocolSchedule, final Blockchain blockchain) {
    this.protocolSchedule = protocolSchedule;
    this.blockchain = blockchain;
-    this.worldStateArchive = worldStateArchive;
  }

  public Optional<BlockTrace> block(
@ -54,7 +48,7 @@ public class BlockReplay {
    return performActionWithBlock(
        block.getHeader(),
        block.getBody(),
-        (body, header, blockchain, mutableWorldState, transactionProcessor, protocolSpec) -> {
+        (body, header, blockchain, transactionProcessor, protocolSpec) -> {
          final Wei dataGasPrice =
              protocolSpec
                  .getFeeMarket()
@ -69,12 +63,7 @@ public class BlockReplay {
                  .map(
                      transaction ->
                          action.performAction(
-                              transaction,
-                              header,
-                              blockchain,
-                              mutableWorldState,
-                              transactionProcessor,
-                              dataGasPrice))
+                              transaction, header, blockchain, transactionProcessor, dataGasPrice))
                  .toList();
          return Optional.of(new BlockTrace(transactionTraces));
        });
@ -86,10 +75,13 @@ public class BlockReplay {
  }

  public <T> Optional<T> beforeTransactionInBlock(
-      final Hash blockHash, final Hash transactionHash, final TransactionAction<T> action) {
+      final TraceableState mutableWorldState,
+      final Hash blockHash,
+      final Hash transactionHash,
+      final TransactionAction<T> action) {
    return performActionWithBlock(
        blockHash,
-        (body, header, blockchain, mutableWorldState, transactionProcessor, protocolSpec) -> {
+        (body, header, blockchain, transactionProcessor, protocolSpec) -> {
          final BlockHashLookup blockHashLookup = new CachingBlockHashLookup(header, blockchain);
          final Wei dataGasPrice =
              protocolSpec
@ -104,12 +96,7 @@ public class BlockReplay {
            if (transaction.getHash().equals(transactionHash)) {
              return Optional.of(
                  action.performAction(
-                      transaction,
-                      header,
-                      blockchain,
-                      mutableWorldState,
-                      transactionProcessor,
-                      dataGasPrice));
+                      transaction, header, blockchain, transactionProcessor, dataGasPrice));
            } else {
              transactionProcessor.processTransaction(
                  blockchain,
@ -128,15 +115,19 @@ public class BlockReplay {
  }

  public <T> Optional<T> afterTransactionInBlock(
-      final Hash blockHash, final Hash transactionHash, final TransactionAction<T> action) {
+      final TraceableState mutableWorldState,
+      final Hash blockHash,
+      final Hash transactionHash,
+      final TransactionAction<T> action) {
    return beforeTransactionInBlock(
+        mutableWorldState,
        blockHash,
        transactionHash,
-        (transaction, blockHeader, blockchain, worldState, transactionProcessor, dataGasPrice) -> {
+        (transaction, blockHeader, blockchain, transactionProcessor, dataGasPrice) -> {
          final ProtocolSpec spec = protocolSchedule.getByBlockHeader(blockHeader);
          transactionProcessor.processTransaction(
              blockchain,
-              worldState.updater(),
+              mutableWorldState.updater(),
              blockHeader,
              transaction,
              spec.getMiningBeneficiaryCalculator().calculateBeneficiary(blockHeader),
@ -145,7 +136,7 @@ public class BlockReplay {
              TransactionValidationParams.blockReplay(),
              dataGasPrice);
          return action.performAction(
-              transaction, blockHeader, blockchain, worldState, transactionProcessor, dataGasPrice);
+              transaction, blockHeader, blockchain, transactionProcessor, dataGasPrice);
        });
  }

@ -168,30 +159,8 @@ public class BlockReplay {
    }
    final ProtocolSpec protocolSpec = protocolSchedule.getByBlockHeader(header);
    final MainnetTransactionProcessor transactionProcessor = protocolSpec.getTransactionProcessor();
-    final BlockHeader previous = blockchain.getBlockHeader(header.getParentHash()).orElse(null);
-    if (previous == null) {
-      return Optional.empty();
-    }
-    try (final MutableWorldState worldState =
-        worldStateArchive
-            .getMutable(previous.getStateRoot(), previous.getBlockHash(), false)
-            .map(
-                ws -> {
-                  if (!ws.isPersistable()) {
-                    return ws.copy();
-                  }
-                  return ws;
-                })
-            .orElseThrow(
-                () ->
-                    new IllegalArgumentException(
-                        "Missing worldstate for stateroot "
-                            + previous.getStateRoot().toShortHexString()))) {
-      return action.perform(
-          body, header, blockchain, worldState, transactionProcessor, protocolSpec);
-    } catch (Exception ex) {
-      return Optional.empty();
-    }
+
+    return action.perform(body, header, blockchain, transactionProcessor, protocolSpec);
  }

  private Optional<Block> getBlock(final Hash blockHash) {
@ -217,7 +186,6 @@ public class BlockReplay {
        BlockBody body,
        BlockHeader blockHeader,
        Blockchain blockchain,
-        MutableWorldState worldState,
        MainnetTransactionProcessor transactionProcessor,
        ProtocolSpec protocolSpec);
  }
@ -228,7 +196,6 @@ public class BlockReplay {
        Transaction transaction,
        BlockHeader blockHeader,
        Blockchain blockchain,
-        MutableWorldState worldState,
        MainnetTransactionProcessor transactionProcessor,
        Wei dataGasPrice);
  }
--- a/ethereum/api/src/main/java/org/hyperledger/besu/ethereum/api/jsonrpc/internal/processor/BlockTracer.java
+++ b/ethereum/api/src/main/java/org/hyperledger/besu/ethereum/api/jsonrpc/internal/processor/BlockTracer.java
@ -16,6 +16,7 @@ package org.hyperledger.besu.ethereum.api.jsonrpc.internal.processor;

 import org.hyperledger.besu.datatypes.Hash;
 import org.hyperledger.besu.ethereum.core.Block;
+import org.hyperledger.besu.ethereum.core.MutableWorldState;
 import org.hyperledger.besu.ethereum.debug.TraceFrame;
 import org.hyperledger.besu.ethereum.processing.TransactionProcessingResult;
 import org.hyperledger.besu.ethereum.vm.CachingBlockHashLookup;
@ -37,22 +38,23 @@ public class BlockTracer {
    this.blockReplay = blockReplay;
  }

-  public Optional<BlockTrace> trace(final Hash blockHash, final DebugOperationTracer tracer) {
-    return blockReplay.block(blockHash, prepareReplayAction(tracer));
+  public Optional<BlockTrace> trace(
+      final Tracer.TraceableState mutableWorldState,
+      final Hash blockHash,
+      final DebugOperationTracer tracer) {
+    return blockReplay.block(blockHash, prepareReplayAction(mutableWorldState, tracer));
  }

-  public Optional<BlockTrace> trace(final Block block, final DebugOperationTracer tracer) {
-    return blockReplay.block(block, prepareReplayAction(tracer));
+  public Optional<BlockTrace> trace(
+      final Tracer.TraceableState mutableWorldState,
+      final Block block,
+      final DebugOperationTracer tracer) {
+    return blockReplay.block(block, prepareReplayAction(mutableWorldState, tracer));
  }

  private BlockReplay.TransactionAction<TransactionTrace> prepareReplayAction(
-      final DebugOperationTracer tracer) {
-    return (transaction,
-        header,
-        blockchain,
-        mutableWorldState,
-        transactionProcessor,
-        dataGasPrice) -> {
+      final MutableWorldState mutableWorldState, final DebugOperationTracer tracer) {
+    return (transaction, header, blockchain, transactionProcessor, dataGasPrice) -> {
      // if we have no prior updater, it must be the first TX, so use the block's initial state
      if (chainedUpdater == null) {
        chainedUpdater = mutableWorldState.updater();
--- a/ethereum/api/src/main/java/org/hyperledger/besu/ethereum/api/jsonrpc/internal/processor/Tracer.java
+++ b/ethereum/api/src/main/java/org/hyperledger/besu/ethereum/api/jsonrpc/internal/processor/Tracer.java
@ -0,0 +1,101 @@
+/*
+ * Copyright Hyperledger Besu Contributors.
+ *
+ * Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License"); you may not use this file except in compliance with
+ * the License. You may obtain a copy of the License at
+ *
+ * http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+ *
+ * Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software distributed under the License is distributed on
+ * an "AS IS" BASIS, WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied. See the License for the
+ * specific language governing permissions and limitations under the License.
+ *
+ * SPDX-License-Identifier: Apache-2.0
+ *
+ */
+package org.hyperledger.besu.ethereum.api.jsonrpc.internal.processor;
+
+import org.hyperledger.besu.datatypes.Address;
+import org.hyperledger.besu.datatypes.Hash;
+import org.hyperledger.besu.ethereum.api.query.BlockchainQueries;
+import org.hyperledger.besu.ethereum.core.BlockHeader;
+import org.hyperledger.besu.ethereum.core.MutableWorldState;
+import org.hyperledger.besu.evm.account.Account;
+import org.hyperledger.besu.evm.worldstate.WorldUpdater;
+
+import java.util.Optional;
+import java.util.function.Function;
+import java.util.stream.Stream;
+
+import org.apache.tuweni.bytes.Bytes32;
+
+public class Tracer {
+
+  public static <TRACE> Optional<TRACE> processTracing(
+      final BlockchainQueries blockchainQueries,
+      final Hash blockHash,
+      final Function<TraceableState, ? extends Optional<TRACE>> mapper) {
+    return processTracing(
+        blockchainQueries, blockchainQueries.getBlockHeaderByHash(blockHash), mapper);
+  }
+
+  public static <TRACE> Optional<TRACE> processTracing(
+      final BlockchainQueries blockchainQueries,
+      final Optional<BlockHeader> blockHeader,
+      final Function<TraceableState, ? extends Optional<TRACE>> mapper) {
+    return blockHeader
+        .map(BlockHeader::getParentHash)
+        .flatMap(
+            parentHash ->
+                blockchainQueries.getAndMapWorldState(
+                    parentHash,
+                    mutableWorldState -> mapper.apply(new TraceableState(mutableWorldState))));
+  }
+
+  /**
+   * This class force the use of the processTracing method to do tracing. processTracing allows you
+   * to cleanly manage the worldstate, to close it etc
+   */
+  public static class TraceableState implements MutableWorldState {
+    private final MutableWorldState mutableWorldState;
+
+    private TraceableState(final MutableWorldState mutableWorldState) {
+      this.mutableWorldState = mutableWorldState;
+    }
+
+    @Override
+    public void persist(final BlockHeader blockHeader) {
+      mutableWorldState.persist(blockHeader);
+    }
+
+    @Override
+    public WorldUpdater updater() {
+      return mutableWorldState.updater();
+    }
+
+    @Override
+    public Hash rootHash() {
+      return mutableWorldState.rootHash();
+    }
+
+    @Override
+    public Hash frontierRootHash() {
+      return mutableWorldState.rootHash();
+    }
+
+    @Override
+    public Stream<StreamableAccount> streamAccounts(final Bytes32 startKeyHash, final int limit) {
+      return mutableWorldState.streamAccounts(startKeyHash, limit);
+    }
+
+    @Override
+    public Account get(final Address address) {
+      return mutableWorldState.get(address);
+    }
+
+    @Override
+    public void close() throws Exception {
+      mutableWorldState.close();
+    }
+  }
+}
--- a/ethereum/api/src/main/java/org/hyperledger/besu/ethereum/api/jsonrpc/internal/processor/TransactionTracer.java
+++ b/ethereum/api/src/main/java/org/hyperledger/besu/ethereum/api/jsonrpc/internal/processor/TransactionTracer.java
@ -22,6 +22,7 @@ import org.hyperledger.besu.datatypes.Wei;
 import org.hyperledger.besu.ethereum.api.jsonrpc.internal.parameters.TransactionTraceParams;
 import org.hyperledger.besu.ethereum.chain.Blockchain;
 import org.hyperledger.besu.ethereum.core.BlockHeader;
+import org.hyperledger.besu.ethereum.core.MutableWorldState;
 import org.hyperledger.besu.ethereum.core.Transaction;
 import org.hyperledger.besu.ethereum.debug.TraceOptions;
 import org.hyperledger.besu.ethereum.mainnet.ImmutableTransactionValidationParams;
@ -63,25 +64,32 @@ public class TransactionTracer {
  }

  public Optional<TransactionTrace> traceTransaction(
-      final Hash blockHash, final Hash transactionHash, final DebugOperationTracer tracer) {
-    return blockReplay.beforeTransactionInBlock(
-        blockHash,
-        transactionHash,
-        (transaction, header, blockchain, worldState, transactionProcessor, dataGasPrice) -> {
-          final TransactionProcessingResult result =
-              processTransaction(
-                  header,
-                  blockchain,
-                  worldState.updater(),
-                  transaction,
-                  transactionProcessor,
-                  tracer,
-                  dataGasPrice);
-          return new TransactionTrace(transaction, result, tracer.getTraceFrames());
-        });
+      final Tracer.TraceableState mutableWorldState,
+      final Hash blockHash,
+      final Hash transactionHash,
+      final DebugOperationTracer tracer) {
+    Optional<TransactionTrace> transactionTrace =
+        blockReplay.beforeTransactionInBlock(
+            mutableWorldState,
+            blockHash,
+            transactionHash,
+            (transaction, header, blockchain, transactionProcessor, dataGasPrice) -> {
+              final TransactionProcessingResult result =
+                  processTransaction(
+                      header,
+                      blockchain,
+                      mutableWorldState.updater(),
+                      transaction,
+                      transactionProcessor,
+                      tracer,
+                      dataGasPrice);
+              return new TransactionTrace(transaction, result, tracer.getTraceFrames());
+            });
+    return transactionTrace;
  }

  public List<String> traceTransactionToFile(
+      final MutableWorldState mutableWorldState,
      final Hash blockHash,
      final Optional<TransactionTraceParams> transactionTraceParams,
      final Path traceDir) {
@ -104,8 +112,8 @@ public class TransactionTracer {
    return blockReplay
        .performActionWithBlock(
            blockHash,
-            (body, header, blockchain, worldState, transactionProcessor, protocolSpec) -> {
-              WorldUpdater stackedUpdater = worldState.updater().updater();
+            (body, header, blockchain, transactionProcessor, protocolSpec) -> {
+              WorldUpdater stackedUpdater = mutableWorldState.updater().updater();
              final List<String> traces = new ArrayList<>();
              final Wei dataGasPrice =
                  protocolSpec
@ -180,7 +188,6 @@ public class TransactionTracer {
      final MainnetTransactionProcessor transactionProcessor,
      final OperationTracer tracer,
      final Wei dataGasPrice) {
-
    return transactionProcessor.processTransaction(
        blockchain,
        worldUpdater,
--- a/ethereum/api/src/main/java/org/hyperledger/besu/ethereum/api/jsonrpc/methods/DebugJsonRpcMethods.java
+++ b/ethereum/api/src/main/java/org/hyperledger/besu/ethereum/api/jsonrpc/methods/DebugJsonRpcMethods.java
@ -85,10 +85,7 @@ public class DebugJsonRpcMethods extends ApiGroupJsonRpcMethods {
  @Override
  protected Map<String, JsonRpcMethod> create() {
    final BlockReplay blockReplay =
-        new BlockReplay(
-            protocolSchedule,
-            blockchainQueries.getBlockchain(),
-            blockchainQueries.getWorldStateArchive());
+        new BlockReplay(protocolSchedule, blockchainQueries.getBlockchain());

    return mapOf(
        new DebugTraceTransaction(blockchainQueries, new TransactionTracer(blockReplay)),
@ -103,7 +100,7 @@ public class DebugJsonRpcMethods extends ApiGroupJsonRpcMethods {
        new DebugSetHead(blockchainQueries, protocolContext),
        new DebugReplayBlock(blockchainQueries, protocolContext, protocolSchedule),
        new DebugTraceBlockByNumber(() -> new BlockTracer(blockReplay), blockchainQueries),
-        new DebugTraceBlockByHash(() -> new BlockTracer(blockReplay)),
+        new DebugTraceBlockByHash(() -> new BlockTracer(blockReplay), () -> blockchainQueries),
        new DebugBatchSendRawTransaction(transactionPool),
        new DebugGetBadBlocks(blockchainQueries, protocolSchedule, blockResult),
        new DebugStandardTraceBlockToFile(
--- a/ethereum/api/src/main/java/org/hyperledger/besu/ethereum/api/jsonrpc/methods/TraceJsonRpcMethods.java
+++ b/ethereum/api/src/main/java/org/hyperledger/besu/ethereum/api/jsonrpc/methods/TraceJsonRpcMethods.java
@ -56,10 +56,7 @@ public class TraceJsonRpcMethods extends ApiGroupJsonRpcMethods {
  @Override
  protected Map<String, JsonRpcMethod> create() {
    final BlockReplay blockReplay =
-        new BlockReplay(
-            protocolSchedule,
-            blockchainQueries.getBlockchain(),
-            blockchainQueries.getWorldStateArchive());
+        new BlockReplay(protocolSchedule, blockchainQueries.getBlockchain());
    return mapOf(
        new TraceReplayBlockTransactions(
            () -> new BlockTracer(blockReplay), protocolSchedule, blockchainQueries),
--- a/ethereum/api/src/main/java/org/hyperledger/besu/ethereum/api/query/BlockchainQueries.java
+++ b/ethereum/api/src/main/java/org/hyperledger/besu/ethereum/api/query/BlockchainQueries.java
@ -303,7 +303,8 @@ public class BlockchainQueries {
   * @return The number of transactions sent from the given address.
   */
  public long getTransactionCount(final Address address, final Hash blockHash) {
-    return getAndMapWorldState(blockHash, worldState -> worldState.get(address))
+    return getAndMapWorldState(
+            blockHash, worldState -> Optional.ofNullable(worldState.get(address)))
        .map(Account::getNonce)
        .orElse(0L);
  }
@ -859,24 +860,15 @@ public class BlockchainQueries {
   * @return the world state at the block number
   */
  public <U> Optional<U> getAndMapWorldState(
-      final Hash blockHash, final Function<MutableWorldState, ? extends U> mapper) {
+      final Hash blockHash, final Function<MutableWorldState, ? extends Optional<U>> mapper) {
+
    return blockchain
        .getBlockHeader(blockHash)
        .flatMap(
            blockHeader -> {
-              try (final var worldState =
-                  worldStateArchive
-                      .getMutable(blockHeader.getStateRoot(), blockHeader.getHash(), false)
-                      .map(
-                          ws -> {
-                            if (!ws.isPersistable()) {
-                              return ws.copy();
-                            }
-                            return ws;
-                          })
-                      .orElse(null)) {
-                if (worldState != null) {
-                  return Optional.ofNullable(mapper.apply(worldState));
+              try (var ws = worldStateArchive.getMutable(blockHeader, false).orElse(null)) {
+                if (ws != null) {
+                  return mapper.apply(ws);
                }
              } catch (Exception ex) {
                LOG.error("failed worldstate query for " + blockHash.toShortHexString(), ex);
@ -894,7 +886,7 @@ public class BlockchainQueries {
   * @return the world state at the block number
   */
  public <U> Optional<U> getAndMapWorldState(
-      final long blockNumber, final Function<MutableWorldState, ? extends U> mapper) {
+      final long blockNumber, final Function<MutableWorldState, ? extends Optional<U>> mapper) {
    final Hash blockHash =
        getBlockHeaderByNumber(blockNumber).map(BlockHeader::getHash).orElse(Hash.EMPTY);
    return getAndMapWorldState(blockHash, mapper);
@ -965,7 +957,9 @@ public class BlockchainQueries {
    return getAndMapWorldState(
        blockHash,
        worldState ->
-            Optional.ofNullable(worldState.get(address)).map(getter).orElse(noAccountValue));
+            Optional.ofNullable(worldState.get(address))
+                .map(getter)
+                .or(() -> Optional.ofNullable(noAccountValue)));
  }

  private List<TransactionWithMetadata> formatTransactions(
--- a/Show More
+++ b/Show More